2. Six key traits of fungi: their evolutionary origins and genetic bases

3. What defines the "kingdom" fungi?

4. Fungal diversity revisited: 2.2 to 3.8 million species

5. Microsporidia: obligate intracellular pathogens within the fungal kingdom

Section II: Life of Fungi: 6. Fungal sex: the Ascomycota

7. Fungal sex: The Basidiomycota

8. Fungal Sex: The Mucoromycota

9. Sex and the imperfect fungi

10. Molecular mechanisms regulating cell fusion and heterokaryon formation in filamentous fungi

11. Cell biology of hyphal growth

12. The fungal cell wall: structure, biosynthesis, and function

13. Fungal ecology: principles and mechanisms of colonization and competition by saprotrophic fungi

14. Longdistance dispersal of fungi

15. The mycelium as a network

Section III: Fungal Ecology: 16. The geomycology of elemental cycling and transformations in the environment

17. Ecology of fungal plant pathogens

18. Key ecological roles for zoosporic true fungi in aquatic habitats

Section IV: How Fungi Sense Their Environment: 19. Nutrient sensing at the plasma membrane of fungal cells

20. The complexity of fungal vision

21. Stress adaptation

22. Thigmo responses: the fungal sense of touch

23. Melanin, radiation, and energy transduction in fungi

24. Making time: conservation of biological clocks from fungi to animals

25. Target of rapamycin (TOR) regulates growth in response to nutritional signals

Section V: Fungal Genetics and Genomics as Models for Biology: 26. Fungal cell cycle: a unicellular versus multicellular comparison

27. A matter of scale and dimensions: chromatin of chromosome landmarks in the fungi

28. Ploidy variation in fungi: polyploidy, aneuploidy, and genome evolution

29. Fungal genomes and insights into the evolution of the kingdom

30. Sources of fungal genetic variation and associating it with phenotypic diversity

31. RNA interference in fungi: retention and loss

32. Amyloid prions in fungi

33. Repeatinduced point mutation and other genome defense mechanisms in fungi

Section VI: Fungal Interactions with Plants: Impact on Agriculture and the Biosphere: 34. Plant pathogenic fungi

35. The mutualistic interaction between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

36. Lichenized fungi and the evolution of symbiotic organization

37. Fungal plant pathogenesis mediated by effectors

38. Emerging fungal threats to plants and animals challenge agriculture and ecosystem resilience

Section VII: Fungi and the Human Host: 39. Fungi that infect humans

40. The mycobiome: impact on health and disease states

41. Skin fungi from colonization to infection

42. Fungal biofilms: inside out

43. Fungal recognition and host defense mechanisms

44. Antifungal drugs: the current armamentarium and development of new agents

Section VIII: Fungal Interactions with Animals (Fungi, Insects, and Nematodes) and Other Microbes: 45. The insect pathogens

46. Made for each other: ascomycete yeasts and insects

47. Nematodetrapping fungi

48. Hostmicrosporidia interactions in Caenorhabiditis elegans, a model nematode host

49. Bacterial endosymbionts: master modulators of fungal phenotypes

50. Necrotrophic mycoparasites and their genomes

Section IX: Fungi: Technology and Natural Products: 51. Fungal enzymes and yeasts for conversion of plant biomass to bioenergy and highvalue products

52. Fungal ligninolytic enzymes and their applications

53. Fungi as a source of food

54. Biologically active secondary metabolites from the fungi.