The roots-and reach-of “Great Replacement” theory in France and beyond​

The Eurabia Myth delves into the origins and evolution of far-right anxieties about the future of a Europe that welcomes postcolonial migration, racial and ethnic diversity, and tolerance of Islam. Nationalists deploy the specter of “Eurabia”-an Arabized and Islamized Europe-as a doomsday scenario of demographic replacement that only they can avert. Mehammed Amadeus Mack traces this dark vision to a sociopolitical conspiracy theory that began in France, spread throughout Europe, and has become especially virulent in the United States: Great Replacement Theory.

Examining how the Eurabia narrative gained traction, Mack analyzes dystopian fiction that envisions how this Replacement will take place, the contemporary politicization of medieval history, and ecofascist rhetoric depicting immigrants as an “invasive” species. He also interviews prominent French activists of color about how they subvert being portrayed as Replacers and destroyers of European civilization, and he explores the American echoes of the Great Replacement Theory.

Innovatively deploying gender and sexuality theory to the concept of Eurabia, Mack demonstrates that the demographic and racial anxieties underlying Great Replacement Theory are intertwined with a more fundamental crisis of masculinity, evident in the far right’s accusations that feminists and the LGBT community are responsible for the decline in white birth rates. As it uncovers the deeper roots of this pervasive theory, The Eurabia Myth shows its insidious relevance to a rising tide of nativist fear, hatred, and violence.

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