List of maps; Preface; Introduction; Part V. The Indian Sub-Continent: 1. Muslim India before the Mughals I. H. Qureshi; 2. India under the Mughals I. H. Qureshi; Appendix J. Burton-Page; 3. The breakdown of traditional society S. A. A. Rizvi; 4. India and Pakistan Aziz Ahmad; Part VI. South-East Asia: 5. South-east Asian Islam to the eighteenth century H. J. de Graaf; 6. South-east Asian Islam in the nineteenth century William R. Roff; 7. South-east Asian Islam in the twentieth century Harry J. Benda; Part VII. Africa and the Muslim West: 8. North Africa to the sixteenth century Roger le Tourneau; 9. North Africa in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries R. Mantran; 10. North Africa in the pre-colonial period André Raymond; 11. North Africa in the period of colonization André Nouschi; 12. The Nilotic Sudan P. M. Holt; 13. The Western and Central Sudan Humphrey Fisher; 14. The Iberian Peninsula and Sicily Ambroxio Huici Miranda.