1. Introduction Sheridan Gilley; Part I. Christianity and Modernity: 2. The papacy Sheridan Gilley; 3. Theology and the revolt against the Enlightenment Douglas Hedley; 4. The growth of voluntary religion David Bebbington; 5. Catholic revivalism in worship and devotion Mary Heimann; 6. Women preachers and the new orders Janice Holmes and Susan O'Brien; 7. Church architecture and religious art Andrew Sanders; 8. Musical trends in the Western church: a collision of the 'ancient' and 'modern' Jeremy Dibble; 9. Christianity and literature in English Andrew Sanders; 10. Christian social thought John Molony and David M. Thompson; 11. Christianity and the sciences Nicolaas Rupke; 12. History and the Bible John Rogerson; 13. Popular religion and irreligion in the countryside and town David M. Thompson; Part II. The Churches and National Identities: 14. Catholic Christianity in France from the restoration to the separation of church and state, 1815-1905 James McMillan; 15. Italy: the Church and the Risorgimento Frank J. Coppa; 16. Catholicism, Ireland and the Irish diaspora Sheridan Gilley; 17. Catholic nationalism in Greater Hungary and Poland Gabriel Adriányi and Jerzy Koczowski; 18. Christianity and the creation of Germany Anthony J. Steinhoff; 19. Anglicanism, Presbyterianism and the religious identities of the United Kingdom John Wolffe; 20. Protestant dominance: Switzerland and the Netherlands Urs Altermatt and Michael Wintle; 21. Scandinavia: Lutherism and national identity Dag Thorkildsen; 22. 'Christian America' and 'Christian Canada' Mark A. Noll; 23. Spain and Portugal: the challenge to the church William Callahan; 24. Latin America: the church and national independence John Lynch; 25. Between East and West: the Eastern Catholic ('Uniate') churches Robert J. Taft; Part III. The Expansion of Christianity: 26. African-American Christianity Jon Sensbach; 27. Christian missions, anti-slavery and the claims of humanity, c.1813-73 Brian Stanley; 28. The Middle East: Western missions and the Eastern Churches, Islam and Judaism Heleen Murre-van den Berg; 29. Christians and religious traditions in the Indian Empire Robert Eric Frykenberg; 30. Christianity in East Asia: China, Korea and Japan Daniel H. Bays and James H. Grayson; 31. Christianity in Indochina Peter Phan; 32. Christianity as Church and story and the birth of the Filipino nation in the nineteenth century Jose Mario C. Francisco; 33. Christianity in Australasia and the Pacific Stuart Piggin and Allan Davidson; 34. Missions and Empire, c.1873-1914 Andrew Porter; 35. Ethiopianism and the roots of modern African Christianity Ogbu U. Kalu; 36. The outlook for Christianity in 1914 Brian Stanley.