Introduction Augustine Casiday and Frederick W. Norris; Part I. Christianity: Regional Developments: 1. Western Christianities Winrich Löhr; 2. Germanic and Celtic Christianities Knut Schäferdiek; 3. Greek Christianities Frederick W. Norris; 4. Early Asian and East African Christianities David Bundy; Part II. Christianity Contested: 5. Religious dynamics between Christians and Jews in late antiquity Gedaliahu Stroumsa; 6. Christianity and paganism, I: Egypt David Frankfurter; 7. Christianity and paganism, II: Asia Minor Frank Trombley; 8. Christianity and paganism, III: Italy Michele R. Salzman; 9. Christianity and paganism, IV: North Africa Anne Leone; 10. The intellectual debate between Christians and Pagans Alan Brown; 11. Christianity and Manichaeism Samuel Lieu; 12. Heresiology: the invention of 'heresy' and 'schism' Rebecca Lyman; Part III. Christian Culture and Society: 13. Towards defining a Christian culture: the Christian transformation of classical literature Bronwen Neil; 14. Bishops and society Raymond Van Dam; 15. Synods and councils Mark Edwards; 16. The growth of church law Kenneth Pennington; 17. The church, society, and political power H. A. Drake; Part IV. Christian Beliefs and Practices: 18. Discourse on the Trinity Khaled Anatolios; 19. History of Christology to the seventh century Karl-Heinz Uthemann; 20. Sin and salvation: experience and reflections Augustine Casiday; 21. From Antioch to Arles: lay devotion in context Georgia Frank; 22. Saints and holy men Claudia Rapp; 23. Pastoral care and discipline Rowan Greer; 24. Gender, marriage and family David G. Hunter; 25. The growth of liturgy and the church year Brian Spinks; 26. Interpreting scripture Paul Blowers; 27. Asceticism and monasticism, I: Eastern Samuel Rubenson; 28. Asceticism and monasticism, II: Western Marilynn Dunn; 29. Art and Propaganda fide: Christian art and architecture Beat Brenk.