Introduction to the second edition; Introduction to the first edition; Part I. Political and Military History: 1. The early Republic S. P. Oakley; 2. Power and process under the republican 'constitution' T. Corey Brennan; 3. The Roman army and navy David Potter; 4. The crisis of the Republic Jürgen von Ungern-Sternberg; Part II. Roman Society: 5. Under Roman roofs: family, house, and household Karl-Joachim Hölkeskamp; 6. Women in the Roman Republic Phyllis Culham; 7. Population Saskia Hin; 8. The Republican economy and Roman law: regulation, promotion, or reflection? Jean-Jacques Aubert; 9. The great transformation: slavery and the free Republic Brent D. Shaw; 10. Roman religion Jörg Rüpke; Part III. Rome's Empire: 11. Italy and the Roman Republic 338-331 BC Kathryn Lomas; 12. Rome and Carthage John F. Lazenby; 13. Rome and the Greek world Erich S. Gruen; 14. The rise of empire in the West (264-250 BC) Josiah Osgood; Part IV. Roman Culture: 15. Literature in the Roman Republic Elaine Fantham; 16. Roman art during the Republic Ann L. Kuttner; 17. Spectacle and political culture in the Roman Republic Harriet I. Flower; Part V. Epilogue: The Influence of the Roman Republic: 18. The Roman Republic and the French and American Revolutions Mortimer N. S. Sellers.