Chronology; Introduction: the Beat half-century Steven Belletto; 1. Were Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg, and William S. Burroughs a generation? William Lawlor; 2. Beatniks, hippies, yippies, feminists, and the ongoing American counterculture Jonah Raskin; 3. Locating a Beat aesthetic Regina Weinreich; 4. The Beats and literary history: myths and realities Nancy M. Grace; 5. Allen Ginsberg and Beat poetry Erik Mortenson; 6. Five ways of being Beat, circa 1958-9 Steven Belletto; 7. Jack Kerouac and the Beat novel Kurt Hemmer; 8. William S. Burroughs: Beating postmodernism Oliver Harris; 9. Memory babes: Joyce Johnson and Beat memoir Brenda Knight; 10. Beat writers and criticism Hilary Holladay; 11. Beats and gender Ronna C. Johnson; 12. Beats and sexuality Polina Mackay; 13. The Beats and race A. Robert Lee; 14. Ethnographies and networks: on Beat transnationalism Todd. F. Tietchen; 15. Buddhism and the Beats John Whalen-Bridge; 16. Beat as beatific: Gregory Corso's Christian poetics Kirby Olson; 17. Jazz and the Beat Generation Michael Hrebeniak; 18. Beats and visual culture David Sterritt; Further reading.