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Beschreibung

This concise and accessible textbook introduces students to the anthropological study of religion. It is an essential guide for students encountering anthropology of religion for the first time and also those with ongoing interest in this fascinating field.

This concise and accessible textbook introduces students to the anthropological study of religion. It is an essential guide for students encountering anthropology of religion for the first time and also those with ongoing interest in this fascinating field.

Über den Autor

Rebecca L. Stein is Professor of Anthropology and Department Chair at Los Angeles Valley College, USA.

Philip L. Stein is Professor of Anthropology (Emeritus) at Los Angeles Pierce College, USA. He is a fellow of the American Anthropological Association and a past president of the Society for Anthropology in Community Colleges.

Benjamin R. Kracht is Professor of Anthropology (Emeritus) at Northeastern State University in Tahlequah, Oklahoma. He is the author of Kiowa Belief and Ritual (2017), Religious Revitalization among the Kiowas: The Ghost Dance, Peyote, and Christianity (2018), and other books. Kracht has worked with the Kiowas for over 40 years and, more recently, has conducted fieldwork in Belize and New Mexico.

Marjorie M. Snipes is Professor of Anthropology at University of West Georgia in Carrollton, Georgia. She has done extensive research in the Argentine Andes, as well as smaller research projects on religious change in the USA. Among her publications are The Intellectual Legacy of Victor and Edith Turner (2018) with Frank Salamone and OpenStax Introduction to Anthropology (2022) with Jennifer Hasty and David Lewis.

Inhaltsverzeichnis
  1. The Anthropological Study of Religion
  2. The anthropological perspective

    The concept of culture

    Marginalia Cultural relativism and ethics

    Four fields of anthropology

    The holistic approach

    The study of human societies

    Ethnographic fieldwork

    Box 1.1 First fieldwork

    Marginalia Anthropology and ethics

    The Fores of New Guinea: an ethnographic example

    Two ways of viewing culture

    Box 1.2 Fieldwork among the Kiowas

    Viewing the world

    Theoretical approaches to the study of religion

    Evolutionary approaches to religion

    The Marxist approach

    The functional approach

    The interpretive approach

    The psychosocial approach

    The bio-cognitive approach to religious behavior

    Postmodernism

    Attempts at defining religion

    The domain of religion

    The dependent and independent variables of religion

    Table 1.1 Culture areas of the world

    Table 1.2 Food-getting strategies

    Conclusion

    Summary

    Study questions

  3. Religious Symbols
  4. What is a symbol?

    Religious symbols

    The swastika

    The pentagram

    Christian symbols

    Box 2.1 The commodification of Zuni art

    Sacred art and architecture

    Maya architecture and hierophany

    The meaning of color

    Marginalia Commodification of color

    Yoruba color terminology

    Sacred space and sacred time

    The Maya view of time

    Box 2.2 The end of time

    Rituals and calendars in modern world religions

    Sacred time and space in Australia

    Marginalia Animal symbols as mascots

    Totemism and Dreamtime

    The symbolism of music and dance

    The symbolism of music

    Marginalia Music and religion

    Music in ritual

    The symbolism of dance

    Tattooing and other permanent body alterations

    Conclusion

    Summary

    Study questions

  5. Mythology
  6. The nature of myths

    Worldview

    Stories of the supernatural

    Myths and religion

    Table 3.1 Forms of narrative

    The nature of oral texts

    Marginalia Oral tradition and the Shakers

    Box 3.1 Genesis

    Box 3.2 Gender and the Christian Bible

    Understanding myths

    Approaches to the analysis of myths

    Searching for myth origins in the nineteenth century

    Fieldwork and functional analysis

    Structural analysis of myth

    Box 3.3 The Gururumba creation story

    Psychological symbols in myth

    Common themes in myths

    Origin myths

    Marginalia Emergence myths

    Box 3.4 The Navajo creation story: Diné Bahane'

    Apocalyptic myths

    Hero myths

    Table 3.2 The monomyth in cinema: a sampling of common features

    Conclusion

    Summary

    Study questions

  7. Ritual
  8. The basics of ritual performance

    Prescriptive and situational rituals

    Periodic and occasional rituals

    A classification of rituals

    Table 4.1 A classification of rituals

    Technological rituals

    Rites of intensification

    Marginalia St. Francis rituals

    Protective rituals

    Divination rituals

    Therapy rituals and healing

    Navajo healing rites

    Anti-therapy rituals

    Ideological rituals

    Offerings and sacrifices

    Human sacrifice

    Box 4.1 Morning star ceremony

    Table 4.2 Skiri cosmology

    Maya sacrifice and autosacrifice

    Rites of passage

    The structure of a rite of passage

    Coming-of-age rituals

    Transition and liminality

    Table 4.3 Characteristics of liminality

    Apache rite of passage

    Secular rites of passage

    Revitalization rituals

    Alterations of the human body

    Genital cutting

    Marginalia Genital cutting in the U.S.

    Pilgrimage as a religious ritual

    Box 4.2 The hajj

    The Huichol pilgrimage

    Zuni quadrennial pilgrimages

    Religious obligations

    Tabu

    Mana and tabu in Polynesia

    Jewish food laws as religious ritual

    Box 4.3 Menstrual tabus

    Conclusion

    Summary

    Study questions

  9. Altered States of Consciousness
  10. The Nature of altered states of consciousness

    Table 5.1 Characteristics of altered states of consciousness

    Entering an altered state of consciousness

    Table 5.2 Factors stimulating an altered state of consciousness

    Fasting

    Sacred pain

    The biological basis of altered states of consciousness

    Box 5.1 Altered states in Upper Paleolithic art

    Ethnographic examples of altered states of consciousness

    San healing rituals

    The Sun Dance of the Cheyennes

    The Holiness churches

    Marginalia Christian snake-handlers

    Hallucinogen-induced altered states of consciousness

    Shamanism in South America

    Hallucinogenic snuff among the Yanomamös

    Tobacco in South America

    Peyote in the Native American Church

    Marijuana among the Rastafarians

    Non-Indigenous uses of hallucinogens

    Conclusion

    Summary

    Study questions

  11. Religious Specialists
  12. Shamans

    Becoming a shaman

    The shamanic role and rituals

    Marginalia Shamanic visualizations

    Siberian shamanism

    Yakut shamanism

    Korean shamanism

    Pentecostal healers as shamans

    Box 6.1 Clown doctors as shamans

    Neoshamanism

    Priests

    Zuni priests

    Okinawan priestesses

    Eastern Orthodox priests

    The monks on the Holy Mountain of Mt. Athos

    Marginalia Religious icons

    Other specialists

    Kiowa owl prophets

    Conclusion

    Summary

    Study questions

  13. Magic and Divination
  14. The nature of magic

    Box 7.1 Why there is evil in the world

    Magic and religion

    Rules of magic

    Homeopathic magic

    Contagious magic

    Marginalia Religious relics

    Religious Relics and the Shakers

    Magic in society

    Magic in the Trobriand Islands

    Learning magic

    Trobriand garden magic

    Magic among the Azandes

    Kiowa power contests

    Wiccan magic

    Divination

    Forms of divination

    Table 7.1 A classification of methods of divination with examples

    A survey of divination techniques

    Noninspirational forms of divination

    Box 7.2 I Ching: The Book of Changes

    Inspirational forms of divination

    Box 7.3 Spiritualism and séances

    Ordeals

    Astrology

    Maya astronomy and astrology

    Oracles of the Azandes

    Divination in Ancient Greece: the Oracle at Delphi

    Magical behavior and the human mind

    Magical thinking

    Why magic works

    Conclusion

    Summary

    Study questions

  15. Souls, Ghosts, and Death
  16. Souls and Ancestors

    Variation in the concept of the soul

    Souls, death, and the afterlife

    Examples of concepts of the soul

    Yup'ik souls

    Yanomamö spirits and souls

    Hmong souls

    The soul in Roman Catholicism

    The soul in Hinduism and Buddhism

    Ancestors

    Yoruba ancestors

    Beng ancestors and reincarnation

    Tana Toraja ancestors and social death

    Bodies and Souls

    Ghosts

    Box 8.1 A haunting in eastern Oklahoma

    Ghosts around the world

    Marginalia Ghosts in Southeast Asia

    Dani ghosts

    Bunyoro ghosts

    The living dead: vampires and zombies

    Vampires

    Vampires in New England

    Archaeological evidence of vampires in Poland

    Haitian zombies

    Zombies in contemporary culture

    Marginalia Zombies as fear projections

    Death rituals

    Funeral rituals

    Disposal of the body

    Burial

    The African Burial Ground

    Secondary burials

    Cremation

    Mummification

    Exposure

    U.S. death rituals in the nineteenth century

    U.S. funeral rituals today

    Box 8.2 Roadside memorials

    Days of Death

    Halloween

    Day of the Dead (Día de los Muertos) in Mexico and the Andes

    Conclusion

    Summary

    Study questions

  17. Gods and Spirits
  18. Spirits

    Marginalia Japanese kami

    Dani views of the supernatural

    Table 9.1 The supernatural world of the Danis

    Guardian spirits and the Native American vision quest

    Box 9.1 Kiowa vision quests

    Jinn

    Christian angels and demons

    Box 9.2 Christian demonic exorcism in the United States

    Gods

    Types of gods

    Table 9.2 The Roman gods and goddesses of agriculture

    Gods and society

    Gods reflect human behavior

    Big gods

    The gods of the Yorubas

    Table 9.3 Some of the Yoruba orisha

    The gods of the Ifugaos

    Goddesses

    Ishtar (Ancient Near East)

    Isis (Ancient Egypt)

    Kali (Hinduism)

    Mary (Roman Catholic)

    Monotheism: conceptions of god in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

    Judaism

    Christianity

    Islam

    Marginalia Jains and ahimsa

    Atheism

    Conclusion

    Summary

    Study questions

  19. Witchcraft, Sorcery, and Wizardry
  20. Witchcraft, sorcery, and wizardry

    Witchcraft among the Azandes

    The Zande belief in witchcraft

    The role of divination

    An analysis of Zande witchcraft beliefs

    Witchcraft among the Zunis

    Sorcery among the Fores

    Kiowa sorcery

    Euro-American witchcraft beliefs

    The connection with pagan religions

    The witchcraze in Europe

    The witchcraze in England and...

Details
Erscheinungsjahr: 2024
Fachbereich: Allgemeines
Genre: Importe, Religion & Theologie
Rubrik: Geisteswissenschaften
Thema: Lexika
Medium: Taschenbuch
Inhalt: Einband - flex.(Paperback)
ISBN-13: 9781032572994
ISBN-10: 103257299X
Sprache: Englisch
Einband: Kartoniert / Broschiert
Autor: Kracht, Benjamin R.
Snipes, Marjorie M.
Stein, Philip L.
Stein, Rebecca L.
Auflage: 5. Auflage
Hersteller: Taylor & Francis Ltd
Verantwortliche Person für die EU: Libri GmbH, Europaallee 1, D-36244 Bad Hersfeld, gpsr@libri.de
Maße: 211 x 279 x 22 mm
Von/Mit: Benjamin R. Kracht (u. a.)
Erscheinungsdatum: 16.07.2024
Gewicht: 1,14 kg
Artikel-ID: 128614506

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