General Introduction.- 1 Biological Foundations.- 1 Gene-Culture Coevolution: Culture and Biology in Darwinian Perspective.- 2 Learning and Selection in the Nervous System.- 3 Neuronal Group Selection: A Basis for Categorization by the Nervous System.- 2 The Evolution of Writing Systems.- 4 Writing: The Invention and the Dream.- 5 The Origin of the Greek Alphabet.- 6 Relationships Between Speech and Writing Systems in Ancient Alphabets and Syllabaries.- 7 Graphic Systems, Phonic Systems, and Linguistic Representations.- 3 Writing Right and Left.- 8 Canons of Alphabetic Change.- 9 Logical Principles Underlying the Layout of Greek Orthography.- 10 The Material Conditions of the Lateralization of the Ductus.- 11 Psychology of Literacy: East and West.- 4 Neuropsychological Considerations.- 12 The Biology of Writing.- 13 Language Processing: A Neuroanatomical Primer.- 14 Orthography, Reading, and Cerebral Functions.- 15 Literacy and the Brain.- 16 The Processing of Japanese Kana and Kanji Characters.- 5 Brain, Lateralization and Writing: Initial Models.- 17 The Bilateral Cooperative Model of Reading.- 18 Right Hemisphere Literacy in the Ancient World.- 19 The Role of Vowels in Alphabetic Writing.- 20 Critical Brain Processes Involved in Deciphering the Greek Alphabet.- 21 Mind, Media, and Memory: The Archival and Epistemic Functions of Written Text.- General Conclusion.