Rio Cortez, illustrated by Lauren Semmer

The ABCs of Black History: Terms and Figures

James Baldwin

A is for Anthem
Lift Ev'ry Voice and Sing
James Weldon Johnson
John Rosamond Johnson
NAACP

B is for Beautiful, Brave, Bright, Bold, Brotherhood, Believing
"Black is beautiful"
Kwame Brathwaite
Soul Train
Don Cornelius

C is for Community, Church, Civil Rights
Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr.
Dexter Avenue Baptist Church

D is for Diaspora
African Diaspora
slave trade
Senegal
Gambia
Guinea-Bissau
Mali
Angola
Congo
the Democrative Republic of Congo
Gabon
Nigeria
the Ivory Coast
Ghana
Sudan
Cameroon

E is for Explore, Education, Expanding the mind
literacy
segregation
Linda Brown and Brown v. Board of Education
Ruby Bridges
Little Rock Nine
Matthew Henson
Mae Jemison

F is for Food, Farmed, Fried Fish, Folklore, Family, Freedom
Emancipation Proclamation
sharecroppers
soul food
"jumping the broom"

G is for Go!, Great Migration
Black Codes
blues music

H is for Harlem, Heart, Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston
W.E.B. Du Bois
Alain Locke
Harlem Renaissance
James Weldon Johnson
Jean Toomer
Arna Bontemps
Countee Cullen
Claude McKay
Duke Ellington
Bessie Smith
Louis Armstrong
Ethel Waters
Bill "Bojangles" Robinson
"Ma" Rainey
Eubie Blake
Apollo Theater
Paul Robeson
Marcus Garvey
Arthur Schomburg
Henry O. Tanner
James Van Der Zee
Aaron Douglass
Augusta Savage
Lillian Harris Dean (Pig Foot Mary)

I is for Imagine, Invent, Innovative
George Washington Carver
Madame C.J. Walker (Sarah Breedlove)
Gwendolyn Brooks
Alvin Ailey
DJ Kool Herc
Jean-Michel Basquiat

J is for Joy, Juneteenth, J'Ouvert Morning
Carnival
Trinidad
Canboulay

K is for Kin, Kwanzaa
Dr. Maulana Karenga
Kwanzaa principles:
Umoja
Kujichagulia
Ujima
Ujamaa
Nia
Kuumba
Imani
kinara
Kiswahili

L is for Love
Rose and Ashley / Ashley's sack (Rose was Ashley's mother and they were both enslaved. When Ashley was sold at the age of 9, her mother gave her a sack that held the scraps of a dress, handfuls of pecans, and a braid of Rose's hair. They never saw each other again, but the sack has survived generations.)
Nat Love
Mildred Loving
Marsha "Pay It No Mind" Johnson

M is for March, Matter
March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom (1963)
"I Have a Dream" speech
Bloody Sunday
March from Selma to Montgomery
John Lewis
"We Shall Overcome"
"Wade in the Water"
"Ain't Gonna Let Nobody Turn Me 'Round"
Ahmaud Arbery
Breonna Taylor
George Floyd
Black Lives Matter
Patrisse Kahn-Cullors
Alicia Garza
Opal Tometi

N is for Newspapers
abolitionist movement
The North Star
Frederick Douglass
Chicago Defender
Pittsburgh Courier
Richmond Planet
Chicago Bee
Johnson Publishing Company
John H. Johnson
Negro Digest
Jet
Ebony

O is for Organize
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
Freedom Summer
Freedom Rides
Diane Nash
Fred Hampton
Ella Baker
Southern Christian Leadership Conference

P is for Power, Panther, People, Power, President, Possible
"Black Power"
Stokely Carmichael (Kwame Ture)
Black Panther Party
Bobby Seale
Huey P. Newton
Thurgood Marshall
Shirley Chisholm
Barack Obama

Q is for Queens
Queen Nefertiti, ancient Egyptian queen
Queen Amina, mid-16th century queen, present-day Nigeria
Queen Nandi Ndlovukazi kaBhebe, 18th century queen of the Zulu in what is now South Africa
Queen Yaa Asantewaa, 19th century Ashanti Queen, present-day Ghana
Ruby Hurley, "queen of Civil Rights"
Ida B. Wells
Leontyne Price
Toni Morrison
Michelle Obama
Toni Morrison

R is for Rise, Relentlessly striving, Refusing to stop
Rube Foster, Negro Leagues
Jesse Owens
Jackie Robinson
Althea Gibson
Muhammad Ali
Arthur Ashe
Florence Griffith Joyner
Shani Davis
Gabby Douglas

S is for Scientists, Stars, Study, Soul, Sweet, Sound
Charles H. Turner
Daniel Hale Williams
Vivien Thomas
Benjamin Banneker
Patricia Bath
Katherine Johnson
Kizzmekia Corbett
Ray Charles
Aretha Franklin
Sam Cooke
James Brown
Sister Rosetta Tharpe

T is for Tuskegee, Trades, Toiled, Tools, Booker T., True
Tuskegee Institute
Tuskegee Airmen
Booker T. Washington
W.E.B. DuBois

U is for United States, Unbroken, Unshaken, Unbound, Underground Railroad, Unfinished
U.S. Constitution
13th Amendment
14th Amendment
15th Amendment
The Civil War
African-American Flag
David Hammons
Harriet Tubman
the Underground Railroad

V is for Vote
Fannie Lou Hamer
Freedom Summer

W is for Writers, Wisdom, Words, Worlds
Arthur Schomburg
Negro Society for Historical Research
Schomburg Center for Research and Black Culture

X is for Malcolm X

Y is for Young, Gifted and Black, You
Lorraine Hansberry
A Raisin in the Sun
"To Be Young, Gifted and Black"
Nina Simone

Z is for Zenith
Martin Luther King Jr.'s "Mountaintop Speech"