Part I. Foundations: 1. Stroke: the size of the problem Graeme J. Hankey; 2. Understanding evidence Jeffrey L. Saver and Graeme J. Hankey; Part II. Systems of Care: 3. Prehospital stroke care and regionalized stroke systems Kori Sauser Zachrison and Lee Schwamm; 4. Organized stroke care Peter Langhorne; Part III. Acute Treatment of Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack: 5. Supportive care during acute cerebral ischemia Askiel Bruno, Subhashini Ramesh and Jeffrey L. Saver; 6. Reperfusion of the ischemic brain by intravenous thrombolysis Jeffrey L. Saver and Joanna Wardlaw; 7. Reperfusion of the ischemic brain by endovascular thrombectomy and thrombolysis Meng Lee and Jeffrey L. Saver; 8. Collateral flow enhancement: blood pressure lowering and alteration of blood viscosity Else Sandset and Eivind Berge; 9. Acute antiplatelet therapy for the treatment of ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack Jeffrey L. Saver; 10. Acute anticoagulant therapy for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack Xinyi Leng and Lawrence Wong; 11. Treatment of brain edema Jeffrey L. Saver and Salvador Cruz-Flores; 12. Neuroprotection for acute brain ishemica Jeffrey L. Saver and Nerses Sanossian; Part IV. Acute Treatment of Hemorrhagic Stroke: 13. Acute treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage Tom Moullaali, Rustam Al-Shahi Salman and Craig Anderson; 14. Acute treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage Sherri Braksick and Alejandro Rabinstein; Part V. Prevention: 15. Prevention of stroke by lowering blood pressure Meng Lee, Jeffrey L. Saver and Bruce Ovbiagele; 16. Prevention of stroke by lowering blood cholesterol concentrations Maurizio Paciaroni; 17. Prevention of stroke by modification of additional vascular and lifestyle risk-factors Amytis Towfighi and Jeffrey L. Saver; 18. Drugs, devices and procedural therapies to prevent recurrent cardiogenic embolic stroke Graeme J. Hankey; 19. Long-term antithrombotic therapy for large and small artery occlusive disease Graeme J. Hankey; 20. Carotid and vertebral artery revascularization Mandy D. Müller, Leo H. Bonati and Martin M. Brown; 21. Cervical artery dissections and cerebral vasculitis Philippe Lyrer; 22. Prevention of intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhage James Klaas and Robert Brown; Part VI. Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery: 23. Evidence-based motor rehabilitation after stroke Gert Kwakkel and Janne Veerbeek; 24. Language and cognitive rehabilitation after stroke Marian Brady and Jonathan Evans; 25. Using pharmacotherapy to enhance stroke recovery Larry Goldstein; 26. Electrical and magnetic brain stimulation to enhance post-stroke recovery Mark Parsons and Jodie Marquez.