1 Mössbauer (Nuclear Gamma-Resonance) Spectroscopy.- 1.1 Basic Principles and Experimental Arrangement.- 1.2 Mössbauers Nuclei.- 1.3 The Mössbauer Spectra Parameters.- 1.4 The Mössbauer Spectra of Minerals.- 2 X-Ray and X-Ray Electron Spectroscopy.- 2.1 Basic Concepts.- 2.2 Application of X-Ray and X-Ray Electron Spectroscopy to Study of Chemical Bonding in Minerals.- 3 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance.- 3.1 The Substance of the Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Phenomenon.- 3.2 Physical Meaning of the EPR Spectra Parameters.- 3.3 Investigation of Minerals by EPR Spectra.- 4 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR).- 4.1 The Principle of the Phenomenon and Types of Interaction in NMR.- 4.2 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in Minerals.- 4.3 Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance.- 5 Luminescence.- 5.1 Major Steps in the Development and the Present-Day State.- 5.2 General Concepts, Elementary Processes, Parameters.- 5.3 Types of Luminescent Systems in Minerals.- 6 Thermoluminescence.- 6.1 Mechanism and Parameters of Thermoluminescence.- 6.2 Experimental Data, Their Interpretation and Application in Geology.- 7 Radiation Electron-Hole Centers (Free Radicals) in Minerals.- 7.1 Basic Principles and Methods.- 7.2 Description of the Centers.- 7.3 Models of Centers in Minerals.- 7.4 Electron-Hole Centers in Alkali Halide Crystals.- References.