Dr. Daniel Galin acquired his expertise in SQA through many years of consulting, teaching, and writing in the field. He is currently a lecturer on SQA in the Faculty of Computer Science at the Technion, where he is a senior teaching fellow. His earlier book, Software Quality Assurance: From Theory to Implementation, was published by Addison-Wesley in 2004. Many of his papers have appeared in leading professional journals. Dr. Daniel Galin received his [...]., [...]., and [...]. from the Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Management at the Technion - Israel Institute of Technology.

Preface xvii

Acknowledgments xxi

About the Author xxiii

Guides for Special Groups of Readers xxv

Part I Introduction 1

1. SQA - Definitions and Concepts 3

1.1 Software quality and software quality assurance - definitions 3

1.2 What is a software product? 5

1.3 The principles of SQA 7

1.4 Software errors, faults, and failures 7

1.5 The causes of software errors 11

1.6 Software quality assurance versus software quality control 16

1.7 Software quality engineering and software engineering 17

Summary 18

Selected bibliography 20

Review questions 20

Topics for discussion 21

2. Software Quality Factors (attributes) 23

2.1 Complaints from the City Computer Club members - an introductory mini case 23

2.2 The need for comprehensive software quality requirements 24

2.3 McCall's classic model for software quality factors 25

2.4 The ISO/IEC 25010 model and other alternative models of software quality factors 33

2.5 Software compliance with quality factors 38

Summary 41

Selected bibliography 42

Review questions 43

Topics for discussion 44

3. The Software Quality Challenges 45

3.1 Introduction 45

3.2 The uniqueness of software quality assurance 45

3.3 Software development, maintenance, and SQA environment 49

Summary 55

Review questions 56

Topics for discussion 56

4. Organization for Assuring Software Quality 58

4.1 Introduction 58

4.2 Top management's quality assurance activities 59

4.3 Department managers with direct responsibilities for quality 63

4.4 Project management responsibilities for quality 65

4.5 The SQA unit and its associated players in the SQA system 66

4.6 The associated players in the SQA system 71

Summary 74

Selected bibliography 77

Review questions 77

Topics for discussion 79

5. The SQA World - An Overview 81

5.1 First area: introductory topics (Part I of the book) 81

5.2 Second area: SQA process implementation activities (Part II of the book) 83

5.3 Third area: product assurance activities for conformance (Part III of the book) 87

5.4 Fourth area: process assurance activities for conformance (Part IV of the book) 91

5.5 Fifth area: additional tools and methods supporting software quality (Part V of the book) 96

5.6 Sixth area: Appendices (Part VI of the book) 99

5.7 The SQA Hall of Fame 103

Part II SQA Process Implementation Activities 105

6. Establishing SQA Processes and Their Coordination With Relevant Software Processes 107

6.1 Establishing SQA processes 107

6.2 Coordinating SQA processes with related software processes 108

Summary 109

Selected bibliography 110

Review questions 110

Topics for discussion 110

7. SQA Plan and Project Plan 111

7.1 Introduction 111

7.2 The process of preparing an SQA plan 112

7.3 The SQAP elements 112

7.4 The process of preparing a project plan 116

7.5 Jack thanks his department manager - a mini case 117

7.6 The elements of the project plan 119

7.7 Project plans for small projects and for internal projects 130

Summary 134

Selected bibliography 136

Review questions 136

Topics for discussion 138

Appendix 7.A: Risk management activities and measures 139

8. Preproject Process - Contract Review 141

8.1 The CFV project completion celebration - an introductory mini case 141

8.2 Introduction 142

8.3 The contract review process and its stages 143

8.4 Contract review evaluation subjects 146

8.5 Implementation of a contract review 149

8.6 Contract reviews for internal projects 151

Summary 153

Selected bibliography 154

Review questions 154

Topics for discussion 155

Appendix 8.A: Proposal draft review 157

Appendix 8.B: Contract draft review 161

9. Cost of Software Quality 162

9.1 This time the budget was approved - an introductory mini case 162

9.2 Objectives of cost of software quality measurement 164

9.3 The classic model of cost of software quality 166

9.4 The scope of the cost of software quality - industry figures 170

9.5 An extended model for cost of software quality 171

9.6 Application of a cost of software quality system 175

9.7 Problems in application of CoSQ measurements 179

Summary 181

Selected bibliography 183

Review questions 184

Topics for discussion 186

10. The Effectiveness and Cost of a V&V Plan - the SQA Model 189

10.1 The data required for the SQA model 189

10.2 The SQA model 191

10.3 Application of the SQA model for comparing V&V plans 195

Summary 198

Selected bibliography 199

Review questions 199

Topics for discussion 199

11. SQA Records and Documentation Control 200

11.1 Jeff's troubles - an introductory mini-case 200

11.2 Introduction 201

11.3 Objectives of documentation control processes 203

11.4 The implementation of documentation control 203

Summary 207

Selected bibliography 208

Review questions 208

Topics for discussion 209

Part III Product Assurance Activities for Conformance 211

12. Evaluation of Products for Conformance 213

12.1 Introduction 213

12.2 The evaluation of project plans for conformance 214

12.3 The evaluation of project's software products for conformance 215

12.4 Evaluation of project products for acceptability by the customer 216

12.5 The evaluation of project's operation phase products for conformance 216

12.6 The evaluation of software product by measurements 217

Summary 218

Selected bibliography 219

Review questions 219

Topics for discussion 220

13. Reviews 222

13.1 Introduction 222

13.2 The happy design review - an introductory mini case 224

13.3 Formal design reviews (DRS) 225

13.4 Peer reviews 231

13.5 Expert opinions 244

Summary 247

Selected bibliography 248

Review questions 248

Topics for discussion 250

Appendix 13.A: DR report form 252

Appendix 13.B: Inspection session findings report form 253

Appendix 13.C: Inspection session summary report 254

14. Software Testing 255

14.1 Introduction 255

14.2 Joe decided to skip in-process testing - an introductory mini-case 259

14.3 Software testing strategies 260

14.4 Requirement-driven software testing 272

14.5 Planning of the testing process 280

14.6 Designing the testing process 286

14.7 Implementation of the testing process 287

14.8 Automated testing 289

14.9 Alpha and beta site testing programs 301

14.10 Code review activities for the programming and testing phases 303

Summary 304

Selected bibliography 310

Review questions 312

Topics for discussion 314

15. Assuring Software Quality Conformance for Operation Services 318

15.1 Introduction 318

15.2 HR Software's success - an introductory mini case 321

15.3 The foundations of high-quality operation services 324

15.4 Software maintenance maturity model - a model for the operation phase 329

15.5 Managerial processes of software operation quality assurance 329

Summary 341

Selected bibliography 342

Review questions 343

Topics for discussion 344

16. Software Product Quality Metrics 346

16.1 What are software quality metrics? - an introduction 346

16.2 Implementation of software quality metrics 349

16.3 Product metrics and their classification 352

16.4 Software product size metrics 353

16.5 Software product attribute metrics 356

Summary 362

Selected bibliography 364

Review questions 366

Topics for discussion 367

Appendix 16.A: FSM method implementation 370

17. Procedures and Work Instructions 375

17.1 Introduction - the need for procedures and work instructions 375

17.2 Superbox pays [...] in damages due to failing support center - a mini case 376

17.3 Procedures and work instructions and their conceptual hierarchy 378

17.4 Procedures and procedure manuals 378

17.5 Work instructions 382

17.6 Procedures and work instructions: preparation, implementation, and updating 382

Summary 385

Selected bibliography 386

Review questions 386

Topics for discussion 387

Appendix 17.A: Design review procedure 389

Part IV Process Assurance Activities for Conformance 393

18. Evaluation of Processes and Development Environment for Conformance 395

18.1 Introduction 395

18.2 The evaluation of life cycle processes and plans for conformance 396

18.3 The evaluation of the required environment for conformance 397

18.4 The evaluation of subcontractor processes for conformance 398

18.5 The evaluation of software process by measurements 399

18.6 The assessment of staff skills and knowledge 400

Summary 401

Selected bibliography 401

Review questions 402

Topics for discussion 402

19. Improvement Processes - Corrective and Preventive Actions 404

19.1 The "3S" development team - revisited - an introductory mini case 404

19.2 Introduction 406

19.3 The corrective and preventive actions process 407

19.4...