Introduction Noha Mellor and Noureddine Miladi 1. Mass Media in Algeria Saida K. Benammar 2. New and Social Media in Algeria Belkacem Amin Benamra 3. Media in Bahrain - a contested sphere Magdalena Karolak 4. Press in Egypt: Impact on Social and Political Transformations Sayed al-Kilani 5. The Egyptian broadcasting sector between 1920 and 2020 Joel Wilkund Abdelmoez 6. Social Media in Egypt: The Debate Continues Nermeen Kassem 7. Iraqi Press - between propaganda and sectarianism Haidar al-Safi 8. Broadcasting in Iraq - from pluralism to ethno-sectarianism Ibrahim Al-Marashi 9. Social Media and Social Change in Iraq Ahmed Alrawi 10. The print and online media in Jordan - between liberalization and control Ebtihal Mahadeen 11. Broadcast Media in Jordan and the (Rentier) State Christina Zacharia Hawatmeh 12. Chronicling Kuwait's Media Evolution: The Politics of Technology and Regulation Fahad Alsumait, Ildiko Kaposi and Ali A Dashti 13. Whither the Lebanese Press? The trials and tribulations facing the Lebanese print media Sarah el-Richani 14. Lebanese broadcasting: small country, influential media Natalie Khazaal 15. Media and Social Change in Libya Mokhtar Ireshi 16. Media in Mauritania: Challenges and Development Mohammed Al-Sheikh 17. The Moroccan Press: Challenges and Development Bouziane Zaid, Abdelmalek El Kadoussi and Mohammed Ibahrine 18. Media Configuration in Morocco Sam Cherribi, Akshatha Achar, Drew Siegal and Patrick Harris 19. The New and Social Media in Morocco Aziz Douai and Mohamed Ben Moussa 20. Mass Media for development - the media in the Sultanate of Oman Abdullah K. Al-Kindi 21. Palestinian media between partisanship and propaganda Ibrahim Natil and Bahjat Abuzanouna 22. Palestinian New Media Nahed Elthantawy 23. Media Developments in Qatar Khalid Al-Jaber 24. Al Jazeera Network and the Transformations in the Global Communication Flow Noureddine Miladi 25. The Saudi Press - The combined power of wealth and religion Noha Mellor 26. Saudi broadcasting media - a tool for regional influenceAndrew Hammond 27. The Janus-faced new Media in Saudi Arabia Deborah Wheeler 28. Mass Media Development In Somalia Ismail Ahmed 29. Internet and Social Media Development in Somalia Ismail Ahmed 30. Press in Sudan: Models, Regulatory Frameworks and Development Mohamed Elamin Musa 31. Radio and Television Broadcasting in Sudan Awad Ibrahim Awad 32. The Syrian Press and online media: a driver of Arabism Noha Mellor 33. The soft power of Syrian broadcasting Nour Halabi and Noha Mellor 34. Press in Tunisia: From French Colonisation to Post-Revolution Era Mongi Mabrouki 35. Broadcasting in Tunisia from Independence to Post 2011 Revolution Era Noureddine Miladi 36. Social Media Networks and the Democratic Transition in Tunisia: From Censorship to Freedom Moez Ben Messaoud 37. Media in the UAE - creating a national voice Najwa Said 38. Media in Yemen - narratives of polarization and fragmentation Noha Mellor