Part 1: History and Geostrategic Landscape 1. The South China Sea: Geographical Overview 2. The South China Sea: Historical Developments 3. Sea Lanes of Communication and Safety of Navigation 4. Maritime Security and Demilitarization Part 2: Sovereignty and Maritime Entitlements 5. The Territorial Sovereignty Disputes in the South China Sea 6. Competing Maritime Claims and Enduring Disputes in the South China Sea 7. The U-shaped Line and Its Legal Implications 8. Historic Rights and the South China Sea Part 3: South China Sea Policies of Major Claimants 9. China's South China Sea Policies 10. Malaysia and South China Sea Disputes: Applicability of International Law 11. Deciphering Duterte's Foreign Policy on the South China Sea 12. Vietnam's South China Sea Policy Part 4: Natural Resources and Environment 13. Fisheries Management in the South China Sea 14. Governance of Non-living Resources in the South China Sea 15. Biodiversity and Conservation 16. The South China Sea Environment: The Need for Formalised Institutional Interaction between Science, Policy and Law Part 5: Cooperation and Institutions 17. Semi-enclosed Sea Cooperation under UNCLOS 18. ASEAN and the South China Sea 19. From DOC to COC: A Regional Rule-based Order 20. Mainland China-Taiwan Interplay in the South China Sea 21. Cooperation Through Track II Mechanisms Part 6: Challenges and Prospects 22. Dispute Settlement Mechanisms for South China Sea Issues 23. The South China Sea Arbitration and Its Implications 24. US-China Rivalry in the South China Sea 25. Struggles for Prestige and Power: Command, Contest, and Confidence-building in the South China Sea, 960-2019