Raffaele D'Amato, PhD, is the author of some 40 books and has written numerous articles on the Roman Empire, Byzantium, medieval Europe and the military of Ancient Greece. He has taught at the University of Ferrara, and was a visiting professor at Fatih University, Istanbul. He currently lives in England, working as an archaeological consultant and lawyer for Timeline Auctions Ltd of Harwich, and also as an external researcher for the Laboratory of the Danubian Provinces at the University of Ferrara.

Peter Dennis was inspired by contemporary magazines such as Look and Learn, leading him to study Illustration at Liverpool Art College. Peter has since contributed to hundreds of books, predominantly on historical subjects, including many Osprey titles. A keen wargamer and modelmaker, he is based in Nottinghamshire, UK.

Introduction - historical evolution of standards, from Marius to Commodus
Late Consular period: standard-bearers - standards
Early Imperial period: standard-bearers - organization & career
Early Imperial legionary standards: the eagle, vexillum & imago /Standards of the cohors, centuria & manipulum
Auxiliary standards: cavalry - vexillum - draco
Praetorian Guard standards - standards of Urban cohorts and Vigiles
Signa Militaria & Signa Imperia
Uniforms and weapons of standard-bearers
The chapel of the standards
Standards in battle - some famous standard-bearers
Glossary
Select Bibliography
Plate Commentaries