Introduction

Defining the Republic

Government in the Public Interest

Republic and Commonwealth

Republican Exclusivism

The Dynamism of Republicanism

Mixed Government

Sovereignty and Government

Republicanism and Religion

Small States versus Large States

Slavery and Labour

Republican Concepts

Liberty

Virtue

Conclusion

Notes

1 Republican Ideas in the Ancient World

Introduction

Ancient Republican Models

Sparta

Athens

Rome

The Hebrew Republic

Ancient Republican Theories

Plato

Aristotle

Polybius

Cicero

History Writing: Sallust, Livy, and Tacitus

Conclusion

Notes

2 Renaissance Republicanism

Introduction

The Political and Intellectual Background to Renaissance Republicanism

The Politics of Renaissance Italy

Greek versus Roman Thought

History

Self-Governing Republics

The Beginnings of Republican Exclusivism

Active Politics and the Importance of Virtue

Constitutional Architecture

Religion

Concord versus Tumults

Conclusion

Notes

3 The Emergence of Early Modern Republicanism

Introduction

Classical and Renaissance Influences

Venice

Geneva

The United Provinces

The Swiss Federation

Poland-Lithuania

Conclusion

Notes

4 The English Revolution

Introduction

The Establishment of the English Republic

The Varieties of English Republicanism, I: Defences of the Regicide

Milton, The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates

Milton, Eikonoklast¿s, and Pro populo anglicano defensio

Nedham, The Case of the Commonwealth of England, Stated

Nedham, The Excellencie of a Free State

The Varieties of English Republicanism, II: Critiques of the Protectorate

Harrington's The Commonwealth of Oceana

Opposition to Harringtonian Republicanism

Conclusion

Notes

5 Post-Revolutionary English Republicanism

Introduction

The Creation of the Canon

The Exclusion Crisis and Glorious Revolution

Toland's Publishing Campaign and the Country Party

The Publication Campaign of Hollis and Baron

Later Campaigns

Liberty

Virtue

Republicanism, Monarchy, and the Mixed and Balanced Constitution

The Standing Army

Commercial Society

The Later Eighteenth Century

Conclusion

Notes

6 Republicanism during the Enlightenment

Introduction

The Legacy of Republican Ideas

Dutch Republicanism in the Eighteenth Century

Genevan Republicanism and the Genevan Revolution

Rousseau

Montesquieu

Mably

Conclusion

Notes

7 The American Revolution

Introduction

The Ideological Origins of American Republicanism

Liberal versus Republican Origins

The Classical Heritage

The British Commonwealth Tradition

Royalist Influences

The Break from Britain

Paine's Common Sense

The State Constitutions and Articles of Confederation

The Drawing up of the American Constitution

American Debates, I: Arguments over the Mixed Constitution

American Debates, II: Anti-Federalists versus Federalists

Conclusion

Notes

8 The French Revolution

Introduction

The Resources of Republican Thought

Classical Sources

English Republicanism

The American Model

Francophone Sources

The Genevan and Dutch Models

The Brissotins-Girondins

The Cordeliers

The Jacobins

The Thermidoreans

Conclusion

Notes

9 Republicanism in the Nineteenth Century

Introduction

Republican Regimes

The United States of America

France

Republican Opposition

Italy

Britain

Conclusion

Notes

10 Republicanism Today

Introduction

Republicanism and the History of Political Thought

The Republican Revival in Contemporary Political Philosophy

Conclusion

Notes

Index