Stefan Berger is Professor of Social History and Director of the Institute for Social Movements at Ruhr-Universitat Bochum, Germany. He is also executive chair of the Foundation History of the Ruhr, and an honorary professor at Cardiff University in theUK. His books on social movements include (with Holger Nehring) The History of Social Movement in Global Perspective (2017).

Sean Scalmer is Professor of History at the University of Melbourne, Australia. His books on social movements and politics include Dissent Events (2002), Activist Wisdom (2006), Gandhi in the West (2011), On the Stump (2017), and Democratic Adventurer (2020).

Christian Wicke is Assistant Professor of Political History at Utrecht University, the Netherlands. He wrote Helmut Kohl's Quest for Normality (2015). He recently edited (with Ulf Teichmann) an issue of Arbeit-Bewegung-Geschichte on the relationship between 'old' and 'new' social movements (2018/III).

1 Memory and social movements: an introduction 1

Stefan Berger, Sean Scalmer and Christian Wicke

2 The ascension of 'comfort women' in South Korean colonial memory 26

Lauren Richardson

3 The past in the present: memory and Indian women's politics 41

Devleena Ghosh and Heather Goodall

4 History as strategy. Imagining universal feminism in the women's movement 60

Sophie van den Elzen and Berteke Waaldijk

5 'The memory of history as a leitmotif for nonviolent resistance' - peaceful protests against nuclear missiles in Mutlangen, 1983-7 83

Richard Rohrmoser

6 Atomic testing in Australia: memories, mobilizations and mistrust 95

David Lowe

7 'The FBI Stole My Fiddle': song and memory in US radical environmentalism, 1980-95 113

Iain McIntyre

8 Memory 'within', 'of' and 'by' urban movements 133

Christian Wicke

9 Memory as a strategy? - dealing with the past in political proceedings against communists in 1950/60s

West Germany 156

Sarah Langwald

10 'We believe to have good reason to regard these comrades, who died in March, to be ours.' The remembrance of the Märzgefallenen by workers' organizations during the Weimar Republic 180

Jule Ehms

11 Memory as political intervention: labor movement life narration in Australia, Jack Holloway and

May Brodney 199

Liam Byrne

12 Remembering the movement for eight hours: commemoration and mobilization in Australia 219

Sean Scalmer

13 The memory of trade unionism in Germany 240

Stefan Berger

14 Protest cycles and contentious moments in memory activism: insights from postwar Germany 260

Jenny Wüstenberg

15 Social movements, white and black: memory struggles in the United States South since the Civil War 280

W. Fitzhugh Brundage

16 Afterword: the multiple entanglements of memory and activism 299

Ann Rigney