PREFACEINTRODUCTIONTHE INVENTIONFirst Observations 1950/1953Standard Oil of IndiaPhilips Petroleum CompanyDu PontMax-Planck-Institute, Mühlheim on the RuhrK.Ziegler, H.Breil, E.Holzkamp and h.MartinExperiments between May and December, 1953Experiments December 1953 to April 1954Letter from Ziegler to his Patent Attorney von KreislerMontecatini, Milano/G. Natta and CoworkersFirst Experiments with Ziegler-CatalystsNatta, Orsoni and DeVarda´s Visit to Ziegler at Mühlheim on May 19,1954K.Ziegler and CoworkersH.Martin-Experiments May-July 6, 1954, H.Breil - Masters ThesisH.Martin - July 1954: Polypropylene1952 to 1954 Polypropylene (Review)Appraising the Historical Course of the Invention from a Year 2000 Vantage PointTHE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CONNECTIONFarbwerke HoechstPetrochemicals LimitedSteinkohlenberbauverein (Hard Coal Mining Society) / Bergwerksverband (Mine Association)/ Ruhr Area Coal IndustryThe "Run" of Prospective U.S. LicenseesGulf Oil, Koppers, Dow, Union Carbide und MonsantoEsso, the StragglerDu PontMitsui Chemical, the First Japanese LicenseeSummationBack to the Ruhr: Ruhrcoal and BergwerksverbandAugust through December 1954: Montecatini steps up its own developmentsThe first Ziegler/Montecatini Pool-AgreementsPolydieneKarl Ziegler and H.Martin/ Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungS.E. Horne/Goodrich Gulf Chemicals Inc.Giulio Natta and Coworkers/MontecatiniD.R.Smith and R.P. Zelinski/Phillips Petroleum CoPATENT RIGHTS WORLDWIDE, PATENT APPLICATIONS-PROSECUTION, OPOSITION, PRIORITIESThe Package of the First Six German Patent ApplicationsForeign Patent Protection for the Inventions of Ziegler and CoworkersThe Situation in the United StatesPolypropylene: Ziegler/Natta, Conflict as to the PriorityContentions ProceedingsMontecatiniDu PontCompromise and ConcessionsDu Pont Sought Further AdvantagesThe History of Patent Issuance from a Year 2000 Vantage PointINNOVATION, MARKET DEVELOPMENT, PRODUCTIONThe Market SituationThe Rush for Licenses 1953-1972, Lucrative Second Half 1970-1990The Marketing of Ziegler PolyolefinsMontecatini´s Poll Polyolefin LicensesResearch and ProductionFirst "new" so-called independent CatalystsThe Split between Montecatini and Ziegler in United StatesReviewTHE AMERICAN CHALLENGEHercules, Esso, Phillips, Dart Seek AdvantagesInfringement Action Ziegler versus Phillips PetroleumHercules forces Ziegler, into legal action against DartBetween Dallas and New OrleansEastman KodakMax Fischer, Over and OverAmoco, Arco and Novamont Launch New Attacks18 Years of Feud with DartLiability DeterminationDecision Concerning the Amount of DamagesA Tentative Record of the ´115 PatentLex ZieglerProduct Patent Protection for "Polypropylene""High-Speed-" or "High Mileage-" or "Ziegler-Catalysts of the Second and Third GenerationNippons Export of Automobiles in the United States"The last Chapter"EpilogINDEX