Introduction Catherine H. Zuckert; Part I. The Three Basic Alternatives in the Early Twentieth Century: 1. John Dewey: philosophy as theory of education David Fott; 2. Carl Schmitt political theology and the concept of the political Tracy B. Strong; 3. Antonio Gramsci: liberation begins with critical thinking Joseph Buttigieg; Part II. Émigré Responses to World War II: 4. Philosophy as a way of life Steven B. Smith; 5. The philosopher's vocation: the Voegelinian paradigm Ellis Sandoz; 6. Yves R. Simon: a philosopher's quest for science and prudence Walter Nicgorski; 7. Hannah Arendt: from philosophy to politics Dana R. Villa; Part III. The Revival of Liberal Political Philosophy: 8. Friedrich Hayek on the nature of social order and law Eric Mack; 9. Michael Oakeshott: the philosophical skeptic in an impatient age Timothy Fuller; 10. Moral pluralism and liberal democracy: Isaiah Berlin's heterodox liberalism William Galston; 11. H. L. A. Hart: a twentieth-century Oxford political philosopher John M. Finnis; Part IV. Critiques of Liberalism: 12. John Rawls and the task of political philosophy Paul Weithman; 13. Richard Rorty: liberalism, irony, and social hope Michael Bacon; 14. Jean-Paul Sartre: 'in the soup' William Leon McBride; 15. Michel Foucault: an ethical politics of care of self and others Alan Milchman and Alan Rosenberg; 16. Jürgen Habermas: postwar German critical debates and the making of a theorist William E. Scheuerman; 17. Alasdair MacIntyre on political thinking and the tasks of politics Arthur Madigan, SJ; 18. Another philosopher-citizen: the political philosophy of Charles Taylor Ruth Abbey.