Optimization Algorithms - Classics and Last Advances is devoted to developing algorithm theory and exploring the use of different optimization algorithms for solving various problems in pure science, applied physics, and information technology. The book consists of two sections. The first focuses on developing abstract algorithms with subsequent applications to real-world optimization problems. It discusses optimization problems based on partial differential equations, canonical polyadic decomposition, variational approach, and ant colony optimization, which are discussed here. The second section presents problems related to optimization in information technologies. Chapters in this section address the utilization of optimization algorithms to solve problems of reducing computation time and computer memory, reducing kernel mechanism processing time in multimedia authoring tools, arranging access optimization for special applications, and minimizing resources for solving vehicle routing problems.