Aristotle (384 - 322 bce)
Born in Stagira, in Greece, in 384 bce, Aristotle was a Classical Greek philosopher who wrote on multiple subjects, including and not limited to psychology, politics, ethics, economics, biology, music, theatre, government, and logic. Once in a hierarchy of famous philosophers, he was Plato's student, who was in turn a student of Socrates. Aristotle turned out to be one of the finest scholars of his time and his thoughts and treatises have had a profound effect on scholars ever since. His influence led him to be enlisted by the then king of Macedonia, Philip II, to tutor his son, Alexander, who would go on to become one of the greatest kings and conquerors of all time.
Although not all of Aristotle's philosophies and doctrines have survived criticism down the centuries, it must be said that he was a trailblazer in his own right. A polymath who could hold a conversation or debate on any topic, Aristotle's influence is such that his ways of thinking are still implemented in one form or the other to this day. He has been depicted in multiple artworks across the millennia, and is without a doubt one of the cornerstones of philosophy as a discipline.