Introduction: wars and nationalisms John A. Hall and Siniša Maleševi¿; Part I. Fighting for the Nation?: 1. Does nationalist sentiment increase fighting efficacy? A skeptical view from the sociology of violence Randall Collins; 2. Mercenary, citizen, victim: the rise and fall of conscription in the West Richard Lachmann; Part II. The Varieties of Nationalist Experience: 3. The state-to-nation balance and war Benjamin Miller; 4. State violence in the origins of nationalism: British counterinsurgency and the rebirth of Irish nationalism, 1969-72 James Hughes; 5. When does nationalism turn violent? A comparative analysis of Canada and Sri Lanka Matthew Lange; Part III. Empires and Nation-States: 6. Empire and ethnicity John Darwin; 7. The role of nationalism in the two world wars Michael Mann; 8. Empire, ethnicity and power: a comment Dominic Lieven; 9. Is nationalism the cause or consequence of the end of empire? Wesley Hiers and Andreas Wimmer; 10. Obliterating heterogeneity through peace: nationalisms, states and wars in the Balkans Siniša Maleševi¿; Part IV. Empty Shells, Changed Conditions: 11. Internal wars and Latin American nationalism Miguel Angel Centeno, Jose Miguel Cruz, Rene Flores and Gustavo Silva Cano; 12. War and nationalism: the view from Central Africa René Lemarchand; 13. Victory in defeat? National identity after civil war in Finland and Ireland Bill Kissane; 14. When nationalists disagree: who should one hate and kill? Stephen Saideman.