Part I. The Need to Move Away From Animal-Based Research and Testing: Historical, Ethical, Legislative, and Scientific Context

1. Beyond Alternatives: Unpacking the Ethics and Politics of Animal Research and the Need for Systemic Change
2. Legislative History of Animal-Based Research and Implications for the Shift to Nonanimal Methods
3. The Validity and Translatability of Preclinical Animal Research
4. Systemic Failures and Suffering in Animal-Based Research: Why a Human-Relevant Paradigm Is Urgently Needed
5. Case Studies on the Failures of Animal Research

Part II. Advances in Nonanimal Methods for Research and Testing

6. Microphysiological Systems
7. The Application of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) as New Approach Methods (NAMs) Toward Nonanimal Testing
8. 3D Bioprinting as a Promising Alternative to Animal Models: Technologies and Applications
9. The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Overcoming Animal Testing
10. Biobanks: Yielding Extraordinary Returns for Human Health and Disease
11. Emphasizing Ancestry in Human-Based Biomedical Research

Part III. Achieving a Practical Shift Toward Nonanimal-Based Research and Testing

12. Overcoming Inertia Against Nonanimal Research and Testing in the United States
13. Overcoming Inertia Against Nonanimal Approaches Around the World
14. Perspectives From Pharmaceutical Industry Regarding Nonanimal-Based Research and Testing
15. Overcoming Animal Methods Bias and Its Impacts on Nonanimal Research Assessments
16. Unlocking Funding for Human-Relevant Biomedical Research: Navigating the Landscape of Nonanimal Approaches
17. Building Confidence in New Approach Methodologies Through Reporting, Validation, and Benchmarking
18. Phasing Out Animal Tests: An Analysis of the Successful Transition From Rabbits to Human-Relevant Methods in Europe
19. Safety Within REACH? A Transition Analysis for the European Commission Roadmap to Animal-Free Safety Assessment of Industrial Chemicals