Samuel J. Kessler is A¿ke and Kristina Bonnier Endowed Chair in Jewish Studies and an assistant professor of religion at Gustavus Adolphus College. He is the author of The Formation of a Modern Rabbi: The Life and Times of the Viennese Scholar and Preacher Adolf Jellinek. George Y. Kohler is an associate professor in the Department of Jewish Philosophy and director of the Joseph Carlebach Institute for Jewish Theology at Bar Ilan University. He is the author of Kabbalah Research in the Wissenschaft des Judentums (1820–1880): The Foundation of an Academic Discipline and Reading Maimonides’ Philosophy in 19th Century Germany: The Guide to Religious Reform.

Acknowledgments
Introduction
Notes on Translations and Annotations
List of Abbreviations
Part 1. Writing Theological Modernity: The Nineteenth Century
1. The Essentials of Judaism
Gotthold Salomon, “Thirteen Basic Teachings of Religion” (1829)
Translated by Dana Rubinstein
Michael Creizenach, “Foundational Doctrines of Israelite Belief” (1833)
Translated by George Y. Kohler
Joseph Dernburg, “The Essence of Judaism According to Its Most General Principles” (1839)
Translated by Michael A. Meyer
Zecharias Frankel, “Speech at the Memorial Service for the Benefactor of the Jewish Theological Seminary, Breslau” (1855)
Translated by Thomas Abraham Tearney
Ludwig Philippson, “Introduction to the Five Books of Moses” (1844)
Translated by Alexandra Zirkle
Samuel David Luzzatto, “Lessons in Jewish Dogmatic Theology” (1863)
Translated by Emanuel Fiano
2. Torah as Law and Ritual
Samson Raphael Hirsch, “Nineteen Letters Concerning Judaism: Eighteenth Letter” (1836)
Translated by Paul Franks
Abraham Geiger, “The Relation of the Natural Meaning of Scripture to Its Talmudic Interpretation” (1844)
Translated by George Y. Kohler
Samuel Holdheim, “The Ceremonial Law in the Kingdom of the Messiah” (1845)
Translated by George Y. Kohler
Leopold Stein, “The Necessity of the Written Law” (1877)
Translated by Samuel J. Kessler
Heinrich Graetz, “Correspondence of an English Lady about Judaism and Semitism: Fourteenth Letter” (1883)
Translated by Maren Scheurer
Manuel Joel, “Toward an Orientation in the Question of Cult” (1869)
Translated by Samuel J. Kessler
3. The Relevance of Judaism
Salomon Formstecher, “Religion of the Spirit” (1841)
Translated by Gershon Greenberg
Sigismund Stern, “The Task of Jews and Judaism in the Present Age” (1845)
Translated by Michael Zank
Samuel Hirsch, “The Religious Philosophy of the Jews” (1842)
Translated by Gershon Greenberg
David Einhorn, “The Benefits of the Jewish Doctrine of God” (1852)
Translated by Michael A. Meyer
4. God
Joseph Lewin Saalschütz, “Ethical Monotheism” (1844)
Translated by Noa Sophie Kohler
David Kaufmann, “On Maimonides’ Negative Theology” (1877)
Translated by Shira Billet
Part 2. Twilight of Modernity: The Early Twentieth Century
5. The Search for Essence
Hermann Cohen, “Judaism as a Worldview” (1898)
Translated by Samuel J. Kessler
Heymann Steinthal, “The Idea of the Creation of the World” (1899)
Translated by Mary M. Solberg
Leo Baeck, “Revelation and World Religion” (1905)
Translated by Victor Grubenwieser and Leonard Pearl
Solomon Schechter, “Some Aspects of Rabbinic Theology” (1909)
Max Wiener, “On the Being and Meaning of God” (1937)
Translated by Robert S. Schine
6. Judaism and the Origin of Ethics
Moritz Güdemann, “Instruction and Life” (1902)
Translated by Brian Britt and Steve Britt
Benzion Kellermann, “Liberal Judaism” (1907)
Translated by Garrett E. Paul
Moritz Lazarus, “The Ethics of Judaism” (1898)
Translated by Henrietta Szold
Benno Jacob, “Judaism and the Results of Assyriology” (1902)
Translated by Noa Sophie Kohler
7. What Is Distinctive about Jewish Theology?
Kaufmann Kohler, “Jewish Theology” (1918)
Julius Guttmann, “Establishing Norms for Jewish Belief” (1927)
Translated by Gertrude Hirschler
Alexander Altmann, “What Is Jewish Theology?” (1933)
Translated by Edith Ehrlich and Leonard H. Ehrlich
Part 3. The Existentialist Turn: The Weimar Years and Beyond
8. Theological Existentialism
Martin Buber, “Judaism and the Jews” (1911)
Translated by Eva Jospe
Franz Rosenzweig, “The Star of Redemption” (1921)
Translated by Benjamin Pollock
Notes
Bibliography
List of Contributors
Index