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Modern Geometry with Applications
Taschenbuch von George A. Jennings
Sprache: Englisch

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Beschreibung
This book is an introduction to the theory and applications of "modern geometry" ~ roughly speaking, geometry that was developed after Euclid. It covers three major areas of non-Euclidean geometry and their applica­ tions: spherical geometry (used in navigation and astronomy), projective geometry (used in art), and spacetime geometry (used in the Special The­ ory of Relativity). In addition it treats some of the more useful topics from Euclidean geometry, focusing on the use of Euclidean motions, and includes a chapter on conics and the orbits of planets. My aim in writing this book was to balance theory with applications. It seems to me that students of geometry, especially prospective mathe­ matics teachers, need to be aware of how geometry is used as well as how it is derived. Every topic in the book is motivated by an application and many additional applications are given in the exercises. This emphasis on applications is responsible for a somewhat nontraditional choice of top­ ics: I left out hyperbolic geometry, a traditional topic with practically no applications that are intelligible to undergraduates, and replaced it with the spacetime geometry of Special Relativity, a thoroughly non-Euclidean geometry with striking implications for our own physical universe. The book contains enough material for a one semester course in geometry at the sophomore-to-senior level, as well as many exercises, mostly of a non­ routine nature (the instructor may want to supplement them with routine exercises of his/her own).
This book is an introduction to the theory and applications of "modern geometry" ~ roughly speaking, geometry that was developed after Euclid. It covers three major areas of non-Euclidean geometry and their applica­ tions: spherical geometry (used in navigation and astronomy), projective geometry (used in art), and spacetime geometry (used in the Special The­ ory of Relativity). In addition it treats some of the more useful topics from Euclidean geometry, focusing on the use of Euclidean motions, and includes a chapter on conics and the orbits of planets. My aim in writing this book was to balance theory with applications. It seems to me that students of geometry, especially prospective mathe­ matics teachers, need to be aware of how geometry is used as well as how it is derived. Every topic in the book is motivated by an application and many additional applications are given in the exercises. This emphasis on applications is responsible for a somewhat nontraditional choice of top­ ics: I left out hyperbolic geometry, a traditional topic with practically no applications that are intelligible to undergraduates, and replaced it with the spacetime geometry of Special Relativity, a thoroughly non-Euclidean geometry with striking implications for our own physical universe. The book contains enough material for a one semester course in geometry at the sophomore-to-senior level, as well as many exercises, mostly of a non­ routine nature (the instructor may want to supplement them with routine exercises of his/her own).
Zusammenfassung
This is a thorough analysis of the fundamentals of plane geometry. The reader is provided with an abundance of geometric facts such as results of Euclidean and spherical geometry, conic sections, projective geometry, and Minkowski geometry to name a few. The book covers unusual material and provides fresh examples and interesting exercises.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
1 Euclidean Geometry.- 1.1 Euclidean Space.- 1.2 Isometries and Congruence.- 1.3 Reflections in the Plane.- 1.4 Reflections in Space.- 1.5 Translations.- 1.6 Rotations.- 1.7 Applications and Examples.- 1.8 Some Key Results of High School Geometry: The Parallel Postulate, Angles of a Triangle, Similar Triangles, and the Pythagorean Theorem.- 1.9 SSS, ASA, and SAS.- 1.10 The General Isometry.- 1.11 Appendix: The Planimeter.- 2 Spherical Geometry.- 2.1 Geodesics.- 2.2 Geodesics on Spheres.- 2.3 The Six Angles of a Spherical Triangle.- 2.4 The Law of Cosines for Sides.- 2.5 The Dual Spherical Triangle.- 2.6 The Law of Cosines for Angles.- 2.7 The Law of Sines for Spherical Triangles.- 2.8 Navigation Problems.- 2.9 Mapmaking.- 2.10 Applications of Stereographic Projection.- 3 Conics.- 3.1 Conic Sections.- 3.2 Foci of Ellipses and Hyperbolas.- 3.3 Eccentricity and Directrix; the Focus of a Parabola.- 3.4 Tangent Lines.- 3.5 Focusing Properties of Conics.- 3.6 Review Exercises: Standard Equations for Smooth Conics.- 3.7 LORAN Navigation.- 3.8 Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion.- 3.9 Appendix: Reduction of a Quadratic Equation to Standard Form.- 4 Projective Geometry.- 4.1 Perspective Drawing.- 4.2 Projective Space.- 4.3 Desargues' Theorem.- 4.4 Cross Ratios.- 4.5 Projections in Coordinates.- 4.6 Homogeneous Coordinates and Duality.- 4.7 Homogeneous Polynomials, Algebraic Curves.- 4.8 Tangents.- 4.9 Dual Curves.- 4.10 Pascal's and Brianchon's Theorems.- 5 Special Relativity.- 5.1 Spacetime.- 5.2 Galilean Transformations.- 5.3 The Failure of the Galilean Transformations.- 5.4 Lorentz Transformations.- 5.5 Relativistic Addition of Velocities.- 5.6 Lorentz-FitzGerald Contractions1.- 5.7 Minkowski Geometry.- 5.8 The Slowest Path is a Line.- 5.9 Hyperbolic Angles and theVelocity Addition Formula.- 5.10 Appendix: Circular and Hyperbolic Functions.- References.
Details
Erscheinungsjahr: 1994
Fachbereich: Geometrie
Genre: Mathematik
Rubrik: Naturwissenschaften & Technik
Medium: Taschenbuch
Seiten: 204
Reihe: Universitext
Inhalt: viii
204 S.
150 s/w Illustr.
204 p. 150 illus.
ISBN-13: 9780387942223
ISBN-10: 038794222X
Sprache: Englisch
Herstellernummer: 10424947
Ausstattung / Beilage: Paperback
Einband: Kartoniert / Broschiert
Autor: Jennings, George A.
Auflage: 1994
Hersteller: Springer US
Springer New York
Universitext
Maße: 233 x 155 x 12 mm
Von/Mit: George A. Jennings
Erscheinungsdatum: 10.06.1994
Gewicht: 0,315 kg
preigu-id: 101267378
Zusammenfassung
This is a thorough analysis of the fundamentals of plane geometry. The reader is provided with an abundance of geometric facts such as results of Euclidean and spherical geometry, conic sections, projective geometry, and Minkowski geometry to name a few. The book covers unusual material and provides fresh examples and interesting exercises.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
1 Euclidean Geometry.- 1.1 Euclidean Space.- 1.2 Isometries and Congruence.- 1.3 Reflections in the Plane.- 1.4 Reflections in Space.- 1.5 Translations.- 1.6 Rotations.- 1.7 Applications and Examples.- 1.8 Some Key Results of High School Geometry: The Parallel Postulate, Angles of a Triangle, Similar Triangles, and the Pythagorean Theorem.- 1.9 SSS, ASA, and SAS.- 1.10 The General Isometry.- 1.11 Appendix: The Planimeter.- 2 Spherical Geometry.- 2.1 Geodesics.- 2.2 Geodesics on Spheres.- 2.3 The Six Angles of a Spherical Triangle.- 2.4 The Law of Cosines for Sides.- 2.5 The Dual Spherical Triangle.- 2.6 The Law of Cosines for Angles.- 2.7 The Law of Sines for Spherical Triangles.- 2.8 Navigation Problems.- 2.9 Mapmaking.- 2.10 Applications of Stereographic Projection.- 3 Conics.- 3.1 Conic Sections.- 3.2 Foci of Ellipses and Hyperbolas.- 3.3 Eccentricity and Directrix; the Focus of a Parabola.- 3.4 Tangent Lines.- 3.5 Focusing Properties of Conics.- 3.6 Review Exercises: Standard Equations for Smooth Conics.- 3.7 LORAN Navigation.- 3.8 Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion.- 3.9 Appendix: Reduction of a Quadratic Equation to Standard Form.- 4 Projective Geometry.- 4.1 Perspective Drawing.- 4.2 Projective Space.- 4.3 Desargues' Theorem.- 4.4 Cross Ratios.- 4.5 Projections in Coordinates.- 4.6 Homogeneous Coordinates and Duality.- 4.7 Homogeneous Polynomials, Algebraic Curves.- 4.8 Tangents.- 4.9 Dual Curves.- 4.10 Pascal's and Brianchon's Theorems.- 5 Special Relativity.- 5.1 Spacetime.- 5.2 Galilean Transformations.- 5.3 The Failure of the Galilean Transformations.- 5.4 Lorentz Transformations.- 5.5 Relativistic Addition of Velocities.- 5.6 Lorentz-FitzGerald Contractions1.- 5.7 Minkowski Geometry.- 5.8 The Slowest Path is a Line.- 5.9 Hyperbolic Angles and theVelocity Addition Formula.- 5.10 Appendix: Circular and Hyperbolic Functions.- References.
Details
Erscheinungsjahr: 1994
Fachbereich: Geometrie
Genre: Mathematik
Rubrik: Naturwissenschaften & Technik
Medium: Taschenbuch
Seiten: 204
Reihe: Universitext
Inhalt: viii
204 S.
150 s/w Illustr.
204 p. 150 illus.
ISBN-13: 9780387942223
ISBN-10: 038794222X
Sprache: Englisch
Herstellernummer: 10424947
Ausstattung / Beilage: Paperback
Einband: Kartoniert / Broschiert
Autor: Jennings, George A.
Auflage: 1994
Hersteller: Springer US
Springer New York
Universitext
Maße: 233 x 155 x 12 mm
Von/Mit: George A. Jennings
Erscheinungsdatum: 10.06.1994
Gewicht: 0,315 kg
preigu-id: 101267378
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