Meenakshi Gigi Durham is Associate Professor of Journalism and Mass Communication at the University of Iowa. She has published widely on feminist media studies and related critical approaches.

Douglas M. Kellner is George Kneller Chair in the Philosophy of Education at UCLA and is the author of many books on social theory, politics, history, and culture.

Preface to the Second Edition ix

About the Editors xi

Adventures in Media and Cultural Studies: Introducing the KeyWorks 1
Douglas M. Kellner and Meenakshi Gigi Durham

Part I: Culture, Ideology, and Hegemony

Introduction to Part I 27

1 The Ruling Class and the Ruling Ideas 31
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels

2 (i) History of the Subaltern Classes; (ii) The Concept of "Ideology"; (iii) Cultural Themes: Ideological Material 34
Antonio Gramsci

3 The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction 37
Walter Benjamin

4 The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception 53
Max Horkheimer and Theodor W. Adorno

5 The Public Sphere: An Encyclopedia Article 75
Jurgen Habermas

6 Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses (Notes Towards an Investigation) 80
Louis Althusser

Part II: Social Life and Cultural Studies

Introduction to Part II 89

7 (i) Operation Margarine; (ii) Myth Today 95
Roland Barthes

8 The Medium is the Message 100
Marshall McLuhan

9 The Commodity as Spectacle 107
Guy Debord

10 Introduction: Instructions on How to Become a General in the Disneyland Club 110
Ariel Dorfman and Armand Mattelart

11 Base and Superstructure in Marxist Cultural Theory 115
Raymond Williams

12 (i) From Culture to Hegemony; (ii) Subculture: The Unnatural Break 124
Dick Hebdige

13 Encoding/Decoding 137
Stuart Hall

14 On the Politics of Empirical Audience Research 145
Ien Ang

Part III: Political Economy

Introduction to Part III 163

15 Contribution to a Political Economy of Mass-Communication 166
Nicholas Garnham

16 On the Audience Commodity and its Work 185
Dallas W. Smythe

17 A Propaganda Model 204
Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky

18 Not Yet the Post-Imperialist Era 231
Herbert I. Schiller

19 Gendering the Commodity Audience: Critical Media Research, Feminism, and Political Economy 242
Eileen R. Meehan

20 (i) Introduction; (ii) The Aristocracy of Culture 249
Pierre Bourdieu

21 On Television 253
Pierre Bourdieu

Part IV: The Politics of Representation

Introduction to Part IV 263

22 Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema 267
Laura Mulvey

23 Stereotyping 275
Richard Dyer

24 The Readers and their Romances 283
Janice Radway

25 Eating the Other: Desire and Resistance 308
bell hooks

26 Booty Call: Sex, Violence, and Images of Black Masculinity 318
Patricia Hill-Collins

27 British Cultural Studies and the Pitfalls of Identity 337
Paul Gilroy

28 Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses 347
Chandra Talpade Mohanty

29 Hybrid Cultures, Oblique Powers 365
Nestor Garc¿a Canclini

Part V: The Postmodern Turn, New Media and Social Networking

Introduction to Part V 383

30 The Precession of Simulacra 388
Jean Baudrillard

31 Postmodernism, or the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism 407
Fredric Jameson

32 Feminism, Postmodernism and the "Real Me" 433
Angela McRobbie

33 Postmodern Virtualities 442
Mark Poster

34 Quentin Tarantino's Star Wars?: Digital Cinema, Media Convergence, and Participatory Culture 452
Henry Jenkins

35 Alternative and Activist New Media: A Genre Framework 471
Leah A. Lievrouw

36 Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship 491
d. m. boyd and N. B. Ellison

Part VI: Globalization and Social Movements

Introduction to Part VI 507

37 Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy 511
Arjun Appadurai

38 The Global and the Local in International Communications 524
Annabelle Sreberny

39 The Homeland/Aztlan 539
Gloria Anzaldua

40 The Processes: From Nationalisms to Transnationalisms 545
Jesus Mart¿n-Barbero

41 Globalization as Hybridization 567
Jan Nederveen Pieterse

42 (Re)Asserting National Television and National Identity Against the Global, Regional, and Local Levels of World Television 582
Joseph Straubhaar

43 Oppositional Politics and the Internet: A Critical/Reconstructive Approach 597
Richard Kahn and Douglas M. Kellner

Acknowledgments 615

Index 619