Frontmatter -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Introduction -- 1. The place of language critique in the history of modern philosophy -- 2. Language as factual a priori of thought: J. G. Hamann (1730-1788) -- 3. Philosophy as linguistic analysis: G. Chr. Lichtenberg (1742-1799) -- 4. Language critique as enlightenment and liberation: August v. Einsiedel (1754-1837) -- 5. Critique of language as metacritique of reason: Johann Gottfried Herder (1744-1803) -- 6. Germans and Britons: Bacon's importance for language-critical philosophy -- 7. Language and thought as identical twins: F. H. Jacobi (1743-1819) -- 8. The interdependence of language and thought: K. L. Reinhold (1758-1823) -- 9. Analytic empiricism versus metaphysics: Otto Friedrich Gruppe (1804-1876) -- 10. Analytic aspects in Marx' attitude towards religion1 -- 11. The linguistic turn in Kierkegaard's attack on Hegel -- 12. Language as condition and limitation of thought: Conrad Hermann (1819-1897) -- 13. Thought acts and speech acts: Gustav Gerber (1820-1901) -- 14. A German analyst in nineteenth-century Oxford: Friedrich Max Müller (1823-1900) -- 15. Language-critical philosophy with a monistic foundation: Ludwig Noiré (1829-1889) -- 16. Indebted to Kant and Schopenhauer: Georg Runze (1852-1922) -- 17. All philosophy is critique of language - in the sense of Fritz Mauthner (1849-1923) -- 18. Review and conclusion -- Index of names -- Index of subjects -- Backmatter