Acknowledgements; 1. Introduction; 2. Ancient thought (500 BCE-312 CE): Thucydides, from History of the Peloponnesian War; Aristotle, from The Politics; Cicero, from On Duties; Marcus Aurelius, from Meditations; Plato, from The Epistles; 3. Late antiquity and the early Middle Ages (312-1000): Anonymous, from The Teaching of the Lord to the Gentiles through the Twelve Apostles or The Didache; Eusebius, from Tricennial Orations; Augustine, from The City of God Against the Pagans; Constantine Porphyrogenitus, from De Administrando Imperio; Al-Farabi, from The Political Regime; Avicenna, from The Healing; Moses Maimonides, from Logic; 4. International relations in Christendom: John of Paris, from On Royal and Papal Power; Dante Alighieri, from Monarchy; Martin Luther, from On Secular Authority; Thomas Aquinas, from Summa Theologiae; Desiderius Erasmus, from 'Dulce Bellum Inexpertis'; Francisco de Vitoria, from 'On the American Indians'; 5. The modern European state and system of states: Niccolò Machiavelli, from The Prince and The Discourses; Jean Bodin, from Six Books of the Commonwealth; François de Callières, from On the Manner of Negotiating with Princes; Cornelius van Bynkershoek, from On Questions of Public Law; Alexander Hamilton, from Letters of Pacificus; Edmund Burke, from Letters on a Regicide Peace; François de Salignac de la Mothe Fénelon, from 'On the Necessity of Forming Alliances'; Friedrich von Gentz, from 'The True Concept of a Balance of Power'; 6. The emergence of International Law: Hugo Grotius, from The Law of War and Peace; Thomas Hobbes, from Leviathan; Samuel Pufendorf, from On the Duties of Man and Citizen; Samuel Rachel, from 'On the Law of Nations'; Christian von Wolff, from The Law of Nations Treated According to a Scientific Method; Emmerich de Vattel, from The Law of Nations or Principles of Natural Law; 7. The Enlightenment: the Abbé de Saint-Pierre, from A Project for Settling an Everlasting Peace in Europe; Montesquieu, from The Spirit of the Laws; David Hume, from Of the Balance of Power; Adam Smith, from The Wealth of Nations; Jean-Jacques Rousseau, from The State of War and Abstract and Judgement of Saint-Pierre's Project for Perceptual Peace; Immanuel Kant, from Essay on Theory and Practice, Perpetual Peace and The Metaphysical Elements of Right; 8. State and nation in nineteenth-century international political theory: G. W. F. Hegel, from Elements of the Philosophy of Right; G. Mazzini, from On the Duties of Man; John Stuart Mill, from 'A Few Words on Non-intervention'; H. von Treitschke, from Politics; B. Bosanquet, from 'Patriotism in the Perfect State'; 9. International relations and industrial society: Adam Smith, from The Wealth of Nations; David Ricardo, from 'On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation'; Richard Cobden, from The Political Writings of Richard Cobden; Friedrich List, from The National System of Political Economy; Rudolf Hilferding, from Finance Capital; Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, from 'The Communist Manifesto'; Joseph Schumpeter, from 'The Sociology of Imperialisms'; List of references; Index.