Mark Lawrence is Lecturer in Modern Hispanic and Military History at the University of Kent, UK, and Director of Military History at the University of Kent (2019-2020). He is author of the award-winning Spanish Civil Wars (2017), Nineteenth-Century Spain (2019) and Insurgency, Counterinsurgency and Policing in Centre-West Mexico, 1926-1929: Fighting Cristeros (2020).

1. Introduction: Why a nineteenth-century study? Mark Lawrence Part 1: Insurgencies 2. The Peninsular War guerrilla and its antecedents: humiliation forgotten, disaster prefigured: the guerra fantástica of 1762 Charles Esdaile 3. Reluctant guerrillas in early nineteenth century China: the White Lotus insurgents and their suppressors Yingcong Dai 4. Regular and irregular forces in conflict: nineteenth century insurgencies in South America Alejandro M. Rabinovich and Natalia Sobrevilla Perea 5. The First Carlist War (1833-40), insurgency, Ramón Cabrera, and expeditionary warfare Mark Lawrence 6. Holmes' front: constructing a new face of battle for America's Civil War Susan-Mary Grant 7. Memory, magic and militias: Cora Indian participation in Mexico's wars, from the reforma to the revolution (1854-1920) Nathaniel Morris 8. Guerrilla warfare in Katanga: the Sanga rebellion of the 1890s and its suppression Giacomo Macola and Jack Hogan Part 2: Counterinsurgencies 9. Ireland: rebellion and counter-insurgency, 1848-1867 Timothy Bowman 10. 'The extraordinary successes which the Russians have achieved' - the Conquest of Central Asia in Callwell's Small Wars Alexander Morrison 11. General Zuo's counter-insurgency doctrine Kenneth M. Swope 12. A predisposition to brutality? German practices against civilians and francs-tireurs during the Franco-Prussian war 1870-1871 and their relevance for the German 'military Sonderweg' debate Bastian Matteo Scianna 13. The campaign of the lost footsteps: the pacification of Burma, 1885-95 Ian F. W. Beckett 14. The Force Publique's campaigns in the Congo-Arab War, 1892-1894 Mario Draper 15. Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa Richard Reid 16. Conclusion Mark Lawrence