Neil Macfarlane is a senior lecturer in online journalism at The University of Sunderland, UK. He is a freelance investigative journalist and has written for titles including Private Eye, The Mirror, and HuffPost UK.

Barbara Longo-Flint is a PhD researcher at The University of Sunderland, UK. Previously, she worked as a journalist in Italy for 20 years.

John Price is a senior lecturer in journalism at The University of Sunderland, UK. He publishes research on topics including investigative journalism, sports, and discrimination and the media.

List of Contributors

Introduction: Exploring dark corners that some wish to keep in shadow

Part I: Historical background

1: Wandering crusaders: a short history of the investigative crime journalist

Bethany Usher

Part II: Tools and Specific Techniques of Investigative Journalism

2: Freedom of Information

Neil Macfarlane

3: Frontline strategies for land rights and environmental journalism: Methodologies for melding ground truth interviews and primary records in investigative reporting

Chris Arsenault

4: Investigating black box technologies, digital power and its invisibilities

Philip Di Salvo

Part III: Constraints on Investigative Journalism - and Ways to Challenge Them

5: The Impact of Legal Intimidation on Investigative Journalists

Barbara Longo-Flint

6: How Did Journalism Professions and the Public Respond to Challenges in Investigative Journalism? Introducing Nonprofit Newsrooms.

Michelle Park

7: In Conversation with David Conn: Award-winning Investigative Sports Journalist

Neil Farrington and John Price

Part IV: The Impact of AI on Investigative Journalism

8: Environment, Technology & Journalism: Tackling environmental issues using data and AI in Latin America

Mathias-Felipe de-Lima Santos

9: Investigative Journalism and AI

Paul Bradshaw

Part V: Two Crucial Strands: Teaching and Collaborative Investigative Journalism

10: Cross-border Investigative Journalist Education - The Process towards Normalisation

Maria Konow-Lund, Lucia Mesquita and Carolyne Lunga

11: Exploring the impact of non-journalists on the values and norms of journalism in an award-winning collaborative investigation

Carolyne Lunga

12: Teaching Investigative Journalism - The Centre for Investigative Journalism

Tom Sanderson

Index