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Industrial Robotics Control
Mathematical Models, Software Architecture, and Electronics Design
Taschenbuch von Fabrizio Frigeni
Sprache: Englisch

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Beschreibung
Build a complete control system for industrial robots, learning all the theory and practical tips from the perspective of an automation engineer. Explore the details of kinematics, trajectories, and motion control, and then create your own circuit board to drive the electric motors and move the robot.
After covering the theory, readers can put what they¿ve learned in practice by programming a control firmware for the robot. Each software component is described in detail, from the HMI and the interpreter of motion commands, to the servo loop controller at the core of each servo drive. In particular, the author presents the commutation algorithm and the servo loop controller for brushless synchronous motors, which are typically employed in robotics applications. Readers will also learn how to calibrate the robot, commission it to the end-user, and design a digital twin to test and monitor the entire workcell in a safe simulated environment.

Finally, the book delves into hardware, covering how to select and use electric motors and encoders, how to build servo drives and motion controllers, and how to design your own PCBs. Different electronic components and their application circuits are analyzed, showing the advantages and drawbacks of each.

By the end of the book you should be able to design and build electronic boards and write their core firmware to control any kind of industrial robot for all sorts of different practical applications.

What yoüll learn

Solve kinematics models of robots
Generate safe paths and optimal motion trajectories
Create a digital twin of your robot to test and monitor its movements
Master the electronic commutation and closed-loop control of brushless motors
Design electronics circuit boards for motion applications

Who This Book Is For

Robotics engineers (and students) who want to understand the theory behind the control of robotics arms, from the kinematic models of their axes to the electronic commutation of their motors. Some basic calculus and linear algebra is required for the understanding of the geometrical framework, while some electronics foundations are helpful to grasp the details of the circuits design.
Build a complete control system for industrial robots, learning all the theory and practical tips from the perspective of an automation engineer. Explore the details of kinematics, trajectories, and motion control, and then create your own circuit board to drive the electric motors and move the robot.
After covering the theory, readers can put what they¿ve learned in practice by programming a control firmware for the robot. Each software component is described in detail, from the HMI and the interpreter of motion commands, to the servo loop controller at the core of each servo drive. In particular, the author presents the commutation algorithm and the servo loop controller for brushless synchronous motors, which are typically employed in robotics applications. Readers will also learn how to calibrate the robot, commission it to the end-user, and design a digital twin to test and monitor the entire workcell in a safe simulated environment.

Finally, the book delves into hardware, covering how to select and use electric motors and encoders, how to build servo drives and motion controllers, and how to design your own PCBs. Different electronic components and their application circuits are analyzed, showing the advantages and drawbacks of each.

By the end of the book you should be able to design and build electronic boards and write their core firmware to control any kind of industrial robot for all sorts of different practical applications.

What yoüll learn

Solve kinematics models of robots
Generate safe paths and optimal motion trajectories
Create a digital twin of your robot to test and monitor its movements
Master the electronic commutation and closed-loop control of brushless motors
Design electronics circuit boards for motion applications

Who This Book Is For

Robotics engineers (and students) who want to understand the theory behind the control of robotics arms, from the kinematic models of their axes to the electronic commutation of their motors. Some basic calculus and linear algebra is required for the understanding of the geometrical framework, while some electronics foundations are helpful to grasp the details of the circuits design.
Über den Autor
Fabrizio Frigeni is a multi-cultural engineer, hobbyist, teacher and entrepreneur. Hailing from Italy, he holds a degree in Electrical Engineering from the Polytechnic University of Milan; then worked on laser physics for his Master's degree at the University of Illinois at Chicago, USA; and later completed a doctoral degree in microelectronics at the Technical University of Dresden, Germany.

He has gained extensive experience in the fields of automation, robotics, computer vision, and machine learning, while working for several years on assignments in Austria, Brazil, India and China. He has been based in Shanghai since 2009, where he has first managed local engineering teams, and then started his own company to teach, consult, and design control systems for automated machines and robots.

Zusammenfassung

Learn to solve the kinematic models of all industrial robots

Understand the control techniques for interpolated axes movements

Build your own electronics boards to drive electric motors

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Preface

Who is this book for?

Structure of the book

Chapter 1 Industrial Robots

1.1 Nomenclature

1.2 Mechanical Configurations

1.3 Structure of a Robot Control System

1.4 Digital Twin



Part I: Robot Geometry

Chapter 2 Geometrical Framework

2.1 Reference Frames

2.2 Frame Operations

2.3 Frame Translations

2.4 Frame Rotations

2.5 Properties of a Rotation Matrix

2.6 Composing Rotations: Euler Angles

2.7 Decomposing a Rotation Matrix

2.8 Column Vectors



2.9 Expressing Rotations

2.10 Combining Translations and Rotations

2.11 Example

2.12 Inverted Transformation

Chapter 3 Forward Kinematics

3.1 Mechanical Structure

3.2 Step by Step Solution

3.3 Combined Transformation Matrix



3.4 Numerical Test

3.5 Zero Frame

3.6 Tool Frame



3.7 Mechanical Coupling

Chapter 4 Inverse Kinematics

4.1 Closed-Form Derivation

4.2 Non-Linear Problem

4.3 Non-Unique Solution

4.4 Singularities

4.5 IK Step 1 - Decoupling

4.6 IK Step 2 - Solve the Arm



4.7 IK Step 3 - Solve the Wrist

4.8 Numerical Test

4.9 Zero Frame



4.10 Tool Frame

4.11 Mechanical Coupling

Part II: Robot Movements

Chapter 5 Path Planning

5.1 PTP Movements



5.2 Path Movements

5.3 Quaternions

5.4 SLERP



5.5 Line

5.6 Circle

5.7 Spline



5.8 De Casteljau's Algorithm

5.9 Round Edges

5.10 Transitions



5.11 Path Length

5.12 External Path Corrections

Chapter 6 Workspace Monitoring

6.1 Linearization

6.2 Safe Zones

6.3 Forbidden Zones

6.4 Wireframe Model

6.5 Safe Orientation

6.6 Self-Collision

6.7 Capsules

6.8 Exclusive Zones

6.9 Collision Detection

Chapter 7 Trajectory Generator

7.1 S-Curve Profile



7.2 Sinusoidal Profile

7.3 Bezier Profile

7.4 Time-Optimal Movements



7.5 Differential Kinematics

7.6 Path Speed Definitions

7.7 Optimal Motion in Practice

7.8 Time Filtering

7.9 External Path Corrections

Chapter 8 Statics and Dynamics

8.1 Statics

8.2 Singularities

8.3 Dynamics

8.4 Dynamic Model

8.5 Lagrangian Method

8.6 Newton-Euler Method

8.7 Parameters Identification

8.8 Torque Feed-Forward

8.9 Trajectory Optimization

8.10 Teach by Hand

8.11 Motor Sizing

Part III: Robot Software

Chapter 9 Firmware

9.1 Human-Machine-Interface

9.2 Interpreter

9.3 Main Controller

9.4 Kernel Interface

9.5 Servo Drives

9.6 Electronic Commutation

Chapter 10 Calibration

10.1 Robot Calibration

10.2 Tool Calibration

10.3 Cell Calibration

Chapter 11 Commissioning

11.1 Safety

11.2 Tuning

Chapter 12 Simulation

12.1 Unity 3D

12.2 Building a Scene

12.3 Importing CAD Models

12.4 Programming Scripts

12.5 Communication Functions

12.6 User Interface



12.7 Machine Learning

Chapter 13 Machine Vision

13.1 Smart Camera

13.2 Vision Functions

13.3 Deep Learning

13.4 Convolutional Networks

Part IV: Robot Hardware

Chapter 14 Motors



14.1 DC Motors

14.2 Stepper Motors

14.3 Brushless Motors



14.4 Linear Motors

14.5 Motor sizing

Chapter 15 Encoders

15.1 Hall Sensors

15.2 Quadrature

15.3 SSI

15.4 Tamagawa

Chapter 16 Servo Drives

16.1 Power Switches

16.2 Gate Driver

16.3 Current Sensing



Chapter 17 Power Management

17.1 DC bus voltage

17.2 Protection functions

17.3 Voltage converter

Chapter 18 Main Controller

18.1 Microcontroller

18.2 IOs



18.3 Fieldbus

18.4 Integrated solution

18.5 Display

Chapter 19 Fabrication

19.1 PCB Design

19.2 Mechanics

Appendix: Kinematic Models

COBOT

SCARA

PALLETIZER

DELTA

Details
Erscheinungsjahr: 2022
Fachbereich: Nachrichtentechnik
Genre: Technik
Rubrik: Naturwissenschaften & Technik
Medium: Taschenbuch
Reihe: Maker Innovations Series
Inhalt: xxiii
636 S.
11 s/w Illustr.
355 farbige Illustr.
636 p. 366 illus.
355 illus. in color.
ISBN-13: 9781484289884
ISBN-10: 1484289889
Sprache: Englisch
Ausstattung / Beilage: Paperback
Einband: Kartoniert / Broschiert
Autor: Frigeni, Fabrizio
Auflage: 1st ed.
Hersteller: Apress
Apress L.P.
Maker Innovations Series
Maße: 235 x 155 x 36 mm
Von/Mit: Fabrizio Frigeni
Erscheinungsdatum: 28.12.2022
Gewicht: 0,984 kg
Artikel-ID: 125014379
Über den Autor
Fabrizio Frigeni is a multi-cultural engineer, hobbyist, teacher and entrepreneur. Hailing from Italy, he holds a degree in Electrical Engineering from the Polytechnic University of Milan; then worked on laser physics for his Master's degree at the University of Illinois at Chicago, USA; and later completed a doctoral degree in microelectronics at the Technical University of Dresden, Germany.

He has gained extensive experience in the fields of automation, robotics, computer vision, and machine learning, while working for several years on assignments in Austria, Brazil, India and China. He has been based in Shanghai since 2009, where he has first managed local engineering teams, and then started his own company to teach, consult, and design control systems for automated machines and robots.

Zusammenfassung

Learn to solve the kinematic models of all industrial robots

Understand the control techniques for interpolated axes movements

Build your own electronics boards to drive electric motors

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Preface

Who is this book for?

Structure of the book

Chapter 1 Industrial Robots

1.1 Nomenclature

1.2 Mechanical Configurations

1.3 Structure of a Robot Control System

1.4 Digital Twin



Part I: Robot Geometry

Chapter 2 Geometrical Framework

2.1 Reference Frames

2.2 Frame Operations

2.3 Frame Translations

2.4 Frame Rotations

2.5 Properties of a Rotation Matrix

2.6 Composing Rotations: Euler Angles

2.7 Decomposing a Rotation Matrix

2.8 Column Vectors



2.9 Expressing Rotations

2.10 Combining Translations and Rotations

2.11 Example

2.12 Inverted Transformation

Chapter 3 Forward Kinematics

3.1 Mechanical Structure

3.2 Step by Step Solution

3.3 Combined Transformation Matrix



3.4 Numerical Test

3.5 Zero Frame

3.6 Tool Frame



3.7 Mechanical Coupling

Chapter 4 Inverse Kinematics

4.1 Closed-Form Derivation

4.2 Non-Linear Problem

4.3 Non-Unique Solution

4.4 Singularities

4.5 IK Step 1 - Decoupling

4.6 IK Step 2 - Solve the Arm



4.7 IK Step 3 - Solve the Wrist

4.8 Numerical Test

4.9 Zero Frame



4.10 Tool Frame

4.11 Mechanical Coupling

Part II: Robot Movements

Chapter 5 Path Planning

5.1 PTP Movements



5.2 Path Movements

5.3 Quaternions

5.4 SLERP



5.5 Line

5.6 Circle

5.7 Spline



5.8 De Casteljau's Algorithm

5.9 Round Edges

5.10 Transitions



5.11 Path Length

5.12 External Path Corrections

Chapter 6 Workspace Monitoring

6.1 Linearization

6.2 Safe Zones

6.3 Forbidden Zones

6.4 Wireframe Model

6.5 Safe Orientation

6.6 Self-Collision

6.7 Capsules

6.8 Exclusive Zones

6.9 Collision Detection

Chapter 7 Trajectory Generator

7.1 S-Curve Profile



7.2 Sinusoidal Profile

7.3 Bezier Profile

7.4 Time-Optimal Movements



7.5 Differential Kinematics

7.6 Path Speed Definitions

7.7 Optimal Motion in Practice

7.8 Time Filtering

7.9 External Path Corrections

Chapter 8 Statics and Dynamics

8.1 Statics

8.2 Singularities

8.3 Dynamics

8.4 Dynamic Model

8.5 Lagrangian Method

8.6 Newton-Euler Method

8.7 Parameters Identification

8.8 Torque Feed-Forward

8.9 Trajectory Optimization

8.10 Teach by Hand

8.11 Motor Sizing

Part III: Robot Software

Chapter 9 Firmware

9.1 Human-Machine-Interface

9.2 Interpreter

9.3 Main Controller

9.4 Kernel Interface

9.5 Servo Drives

9.6 Electronic Commutation

Chapter 10 Calibration

10.1 Robot Calibration

10.2 Tool Calibration

10.3 Cell Calibration

Chapter 11 Commissioning

11.1 Safety

11.2 Tuning

Chapter 12 Simulation

12.1 Unity 3D

12.2 Building a Scene

12.3 Importing CAD Models

12.4 Programming Scripts

12.5 Communication Functions

12.6 User Interface



12.7 Machine Learning

Chapter 13 Machine Vision

13.1 Smart Camera

13.2 Vision Functions

13.3 Deep Learning

13.4 Convolutional Networks

Part IV: Robot Hardware

Chapter 14 Motors



14.1 DC Motors

14.2 Stepper Motors

14.3 Brushless Motors



14.4 Linear Motors

14.5 Motor sizing

Chapter 15 Encoders

15.1 Hall Sensors

15.2 Quadrature

15.3 SSI

15.4 Tamagawa

Chapter 16 Servo Drives

16.1 Power Switches

16.2 Gate Driver

16.3 Current Sensing



Chapter 17 Power Management

17.1 DC bus voltage

17.2 Protection functions

17.3 Voltage converter

Chapter 18 Main Controller

18.1 Microcontroller

18.2 IOs



18.3 Fieldbus

18.4 Integrated solution

18.5 Display

Chapter 19 Fabrication

19.1 PCB Design

19.2 Mechanics

Appendix: Kinematic Models

COBOT

SCARA

PALLETIZER

DELTA

Details
Erscheinungsjahr: 2022
Fachbereich: Nachrichtentechnik
Genre: Technik
Rubrik: Naturwissenschaften & Technik
Medium: Taschenbuch
Reihe: Maker Innovations Series
Inhalt: xxiii
636 S.
11 s/w Illustr.
355 farbige Illustr.
636 p. 366 illus.
355 illus. in color.
ISBN-13: 9781484289884
ISBN-10: 1484289889
Sprache: Englisch
Ausstattung / Beilage: Paperback
Einband: Kartoniert / Broschiert
Autor: Frigeni, Fabrizio
Auflage: 1st ed.
Hersteller: Apress
Apress L.P.
Maker Innovations Series
Maße: 235 x 155 x 36 mm
Von/Mit: Fabrizio Frigeni
Erscheinungsdatum: 28.12.2022
Gewicht: 0,984 kg
Artikel-ID: 125014379
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