Paul A. Iaizzo is a Professor in the Visible Heartâ Laboratories, Department of Surgery, at the University of Minnesota.

Tinen Iles is an Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery, at the University of Minnesota.

Massimo Griselli is a Pediatric Cardiac Surgeon at the Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, London, England.

Covers the anatomy, physiology, congenital defects, and disease of the heart; cardiac valve repair

Chapters are written by scientists and clinicians from leading academic

Follows a translational approach to heart valves

ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, CONGENITAL DEFECTS, and DISEASE. - The anatomy and function of the atrioventricular valves.- The anatomy and function of the semilunar valves.- Congenital heart defects that include cardiac valve abnormalities.- Acquired valve disease and processes.- Complex repair of CHD requiring conduits OR valve replacement outside of the ROSS procedure.- VALVE REPAIR AND REPLACEMENT.- Heart valve disease.- History of heart valve repair.- The Ross Procedure.- The Use of Echocardiographic imaging of Valves.- Advanced 3D imaging (CT and MRI) and transcatheter valve repair/ implantation.- Transcatheter mitral repair and replacement.- Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation: the first transcatheter valve.- Transcatheter aortic valve implantation.- Post TAVR PCI.- Complex Procedures in TAV, SAV, HARPOON, BASILICA w/ case studies.- Tissue engineered heart valves.- New trends for valve replacement like the Ozaki procedure.- Post-operative management of valves: On-X valve inpost anticoagulation management.- TESTING, REGULATORY and TRAINING ISSUES.- In vitro testing of heart valve substitutes.- Numerical methods for design and evaluation of prosthetic heart valves.- Animal models for cardiac valve research.- The use of isolated heart models and anatomic specimens as means to enhance the design and testing of cardiac valve therapies.- Successful development and regulatory approval of replacement cardiac valves.- Clinical trial requirements for cardiac valves.- Virtual Prototyping and 3D Printing For Simulation.- Computational Modeling, Validation, Verification and Uncertainty: Device simulation in Valvular Anatomies.- Procedural Training and Education: Mixed Realities.