Chunlei Guo is a Professor in The Institute of Optics and Physics at the University of Rochester. Before joining the Rochester faculty in 2001, he earned a Ph.D. in Physics from the University of Connecticut and did his postdoctoral training at Los Alamos National Laboratory. His research is in studying femtosecond laser interactions with matter, spanning from atoms and molecules to solid materials. His research at University of Rochester has led to the discoveries of a range of highly functionalized materials through femtosecond laser processing, including the so-called black and colored metals and superhydrophillic and superhydrophobic surfaces. These innovations may find a broad range of applications, and have also been extensively featured by the media, including multiple New York Times articles. Lately, he devoted a significant amount of efforts to developing technologies for global sanitation by working with the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Through this mission, he visited Africa multiple times to understand humanitarian issues. To further expand global collaboration under the Gates project, he helped establish an international laboratory at Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics, and Physics in China. He is a Fellow of the American Physical Society, Optical Society of America, and International Academy of Photonics & Laser Engineering. He has authored about 300 referred journal articles.

Subhash C. Singh is a scientist at the Institute of Optics, University of Rochester and an Associate Professor at Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics, and Physics. Dr. Singh earned a Ph.D. in Physics from University of Allahabad, India in 2009. Prior to working with the Guo Lab, he was IRCSETEMPOWER Postdoctoral Research Fellow at Dublin City University, Ireland for 2 years and a DST-SERB Young Scientist at University of Allahabad for 3 years. He has more than 10 years of research experience in the fields of lasermatter interaction, plasma, nanomaterial processing, spectroscopy, energy applications, plasmonics, and photonics. He has published more than 100 research articles in reputable refereed journals and conference proceedings. His past editor experience includes serving as the main editor for Wiley-VCH book Nanomaterials: Processing and Characterization with Lasers and guest editor for special issues of a number of journals.

Contents

Preface............................................................................................................................................................................................. ix

Editors ............................................................................................................................................................................................. xi

Contributors...................................................................................................................................................................................xiii

Part A Principles

1. Laser Principle: Section Introduction................................................................................................................................... 3

Richard Shoemaker

2. Basic Laser Principles............................................................................................................................................................. 5

Christopher C. Davis

3. Interference and Polarization.............................................................................................................................................. 53

Alan Rogers

4. Introduction to Numerical Analysis for Laser Systems.................................................................................................... 79

George Lawrence

5. Optical Cavities: Free-Space Laser Resonators................................................................................................................101

Robert C. Eckardt

6. Optical Cavities: Waveguide Laser Resonators............................................................................................................... 125

Chris Hill

7. Nonlinear Optics................................................................................................................................................................. 139

Orad Reshef and Robert W. Boyd

8. Laser Beam Control............................................................................................................................................................ 157

Jacky Byatt

9. Optical Detection and Noise................................................................................................................................................175

Gerald Buller and Jason Smith

10. Laser Safety......................................................................................................................................................................... 193

J. Michael Green and Karl Schulmeister

Part B Laser design and properties

11. Optical Components: Section Introduction.......................................................................................................................211

Julian Jones

12. Optical Components........................................................................................................................................................... 213

Leo H. J. F. Beckmann

13. Optical Control Elements................................................................................................................................................... 225

Alan Greenaway

14. Adaptive Optics and Phase Conjugate Reflectors............................................................................................................ 233

Michael J. Damzen and Carl Paterson

15. Opto-mechanical Parts....................................................................................................................................................... 239

Frank Luecke

16. Optical Pulse Generation: Section Introduction.............................................................................................................. 245

Clive Ireland

17. Quasi-cw and Modulated Beams....................................................................................................................................... 247

K. Washio

18. Short Pulses......................................................................................................................................................................... 253

Andreas Ostendorf

19. Ultrashort Pulses................................................................................................................................................................. 265

Derryck T. Reid

20. Mode-locking Techniques and Principles......................................................................................................................... 295

Rüdiger Paschotta

21. Attosecond Metrology..........................................................................................................................................................313

Pierre Agostini, Andrew J. Piper, and Louis F. DiMauro

22. Chirped Pulse Amplification.............................................................................................................................................. 327

Donna Strickland

23. Optical Parametric Devices................................................................................................................................................ 337

M. Ebrahimzadeh

24. Optical Parametric Chirped-Pulse Amplification (OPCPA).......................................................................................... 369

László Veisz

25. Laser Beam Delivery: Section Introduction..................................................................................................................... 389

Julian Jones

26. Basic Principles................................................................................................................................................................... 391

D. P. Hand

27. Free-space Optics................................................................................................................................................................ 397

Leo H. J. F. Beckmann

28. Optical Waveguide Theory................................................................................................................................................. 423

George Stewart

29. Fibre Optic Beam Delivery................................................................................................................................................. 441

D. P. Hand

30. Positioning and Scanning Systems.....................................................................................................................................451

Jürgen Koch

31. Laser Beam Measurement: Section Introduction............................................................................................................ 465

Julian Jones

32. Beam Propagation............................................................................................................................................................... 467

B. A. Ward

33. Laser Beam Management Detectors................................................................................................................................. 473

Alexander O. Goushcha and Bernd Tabbert

34. Laser Energy and Power Measurement............................................................................................................................ 485

Robert K. Tyson

35. Irradiance and Phase Distribution Measurement........................................................................................................... 489

B. Schäfer

36. The Measurement of Ultrashort Laser Pulses................................................................................................................. 493

Rick Trebino, Rana Jafari, Peeter Piksarv, Pamela Bowlan, Heli Valtna-Lukner, Peeter Saari,

Zhe Guang, and Günter Steinmeyer

Index............................................................................................................................................................................................. 543