Introduction Stig Förster; Part I. Basic Reflections: 1. From cabinet war to total war: the perspective of military doctrine, 1861-1918 Hew Strachan; 2. World War I and the theory of total war: reflections on the British and German cases Roger Chickering; Part II. The Changing Realities of Warfare: 3. World War I and the revolution in logistics Martin van Creveld; 4. Mass warfare and the impact of technology Dennis E. Showalter; 5. Total war through new weapons? The use of chemical agents in World War I Rolf-Dieter Müller; 6. Planning total war? Falkenhayn and the Battle of Verdun 1916 Holger Afflerbach; 7. The most extensive experiment that imagination can produce: violence of war, emotional stress, and German medicine Wolfgang U. Eckart; Part III. War Against Noncombatants: 8. War between soldiers and enemy civilians, 1914-15 John Horne and Alan Kramer; 9. The blockade of Germany and the strategy of starvation Avner Offer; 10. Total rhetoric, limited war: Germany's U-boat campaign, 1917-18 Holger H. Herwig; 11. The first air war against noncombatants: strategic bombing of German cities in World War I Christian Geinitz; 12. Bullying the neutrals: the case of the Netherlands Marc Frey; Part IV. Politicians, Soldiers and the Problem of Unlimited Warfare: 13. Poincaré, Clemenceau, and the quest for total victory J. F. V. Keiger; 14. Strategy and unlimited warfare in Germany: Moltke, Falkenhayn, and Ludendorff Wilhelm Deist; 15. The strategy of unlimited warfare: Kitchener, Robertson, and Haig David French; 16. French strategy on the Western Front, 1914-18 David Stevenson; 17. Strategy and total war in the United States Russell F. Weigley; Part V. Mobilizing Economies and Finance for War: 18. War aims, state intervention, and business leadership in Germany: the case of Hugo Stinnes Gerald D. Feldman; 19. Lloyd George and the management of the British war economy Keith Grieves; 20. Better late than never: the American economic war effort, 1917-18 Elisabeth Glaser; 21. How (not) to pay for the war: traditional finance and total war Niall Ferguson; Part VI. Societies Mobilized for War: 22. Mobilizing German society for war Richard Bessel; 23. Women's wartime services under the cross: patriotic communities in Germany, 1912-18 Jean H. Quataert; 24. Pandora's Box: propaganda and war hysteria in the United States during World War I Jörg Nagler; 25. Painting and music during and after the Great War: the art of total war Arthur Marwick; Index.