Introduction; Section 1. Global Health: Definitions and Descriptions: 1. State of global health in a radically unequal world: patterns and prospects; 2. Societal determinants and determinants of health; 3. Strengthening the global response to infectious disease threats in the 21st century; 4. Gender equality in science, medicine, and global health: where are we at and why does it matter?; 5. Health systems and health and health care reform; Section 2. Global Health Ethics, Responsibilities and Justice: Some Central Issues: 6. Is there a need for global health ethics? For and against; 7. The human right to health; 8. International human rights law and the social determinants of health; 9. Responsibility for global health; 10. Bioethics and global child health; Section 3. Analysing Some Reasons for Poor Health and Responsibilities to Address Them: 11. Trade and health: the ethics of global rights, regulation and redistribution; 12. Debt, structural adjustment and health; 13. The international arms trade and global health; 14. Allocating resources in humanitarian medicine; 15. Development assistance for health: trends and challenges; 16. Geopolitics, disease and inequalities in emerging economies; 17. Neoliberalism, power relations, ethics and global health; 18. Morbid symptoms, organic crisis and enclosures of the commons: global health since the 2008 world economic crisis; 19. Challenging the global extractive order: a global health justice imperative; Section 4. Environmental/Ecological Considerations and Planetary Health: 20. The environment, ethics and health; 21. Ecological ethics, planetary sustainability and global health; 22. Mass migration and health in the Anthropocen epoch; 23. Animals, the environment and global health; 24. Justice and global health: a planetary perspective; Section 5. The Importance of Including Cross-Cultural Perspectives and the Need for Dialogue: 25. Global health and ethical transculturalism: a methodology connecting the East and the West, the local and the universal; 26. Giving voice to African thought in medical research ethic; 27. Inter-philosophies dialogue: creating a paradigm for global health ethics; 28. Reframing global health ethics using ecological, Indigenous and regenerative lenses; Section 6. Shaping the Future: 29. Global health research changing the agenda; 30. Justice and research in developing countries; 31. The Health Impact Fund: how to make new medicines accessible to all; 32. Evaluating global health impact and increasing access to essential medicine; 33. Philanthrocapitalism and global health; 34. BIg data, artificial intelligence for global health: ethical challenges and opportunities; 35. Global governance for developing sustainability; 36. Teaching global health ethics; 37. Teaching global health ethics: an ecological perspective; 38. Towards a new common sense: the need for new paradigms for global health.