Dr. Bagasra's research interests have long been associated with the study of HIV and AIDS. In fact, he has been on the trail of the virus since 1981-the year of the first scientific report. For several years he focused on trying to gain insight into the molecular pathogenesis of HIV and role of microRNA in protection against lentiviruses. In 1998, he was the first to clearly discuss the protective role of small RNAs against retrovirus and lentivirus ("HIV and Molecular Immunity,"). His unswerving dedication to his work has resulted in over 200 scientific articles, book chapters, and books. During the last few years, he has received several national and international prestigious awards and recognitions. In 2002 and in 2014 he received Faculty Scholar Award from the American Association for Cancer Research. In 2006 he was the co-recipient of the South Carolina Governor's Award for Excellence in Science. From 2002-2006 he also served as the Council Member of the American Association of Cancer Research (MICR-AACR). Dr. Bagasra currently serves as professor of Biology and the director of the South Carolina Center for Biotechnology at Claflin University, which he founded in 2001. Much of his work has been recognized in top-tier journals, such as New England Journal of Medicine, The Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, Journal of Virology, Journal of Immunology, Journal of Pediatrics, Nature Medicine, Nature Protocol, Science, EBioMedicine and many other journals.

The Institut Pasteur's Luc Montagnier - the discoverer of the AIDS virus and 2008 Nobel Laureate-described Dr. Bagasra as "a skilful researcher...(and) a discerning scholar who explores new ideas", observing he already had a track record for challenging conventional wisdom and being proved correct. "Every scientist now knows that a significant percentage of circulating lymphocytes are infected with HIV but in 1992 his findings were highly controversial,"

Currently, Dr. Bagasra has been working on the etiologies of Autism as well as Alzheimer's disease. He has discovered several neurogenic factors from plants that may remedy neurodegeneration and dementia. He recently published a book on role of environmental chemicals in pathogenesis of Autism.

Originally from Peterborough, UK, Dr. McLean completed his doctorate in Biomedical Sciences at the University of Bradford. He served as a Research Leader in Biotechnology at Aalborg University, Denmark. He has held positions as Department Chair, Program Professor and Director at various institutes in the US, Middle East, and Caribbean. He has actively participated on national research review panels and contributed to various committees and commissions on a global basis. He has mentored 40 graduate students and has served on the Editorial Boards of nine peer-reviewed journals. He has published over 110 peer-reviewed papers and 220 other contributions. Since 2013 he has been based in Columbia, South Carolina.

Mohammad Saffar, illustrator

"Mohammad Saffar is a Graphic designer with a10 years of experience in

graphic design and animation."

He got a BA in graphic design at Sooreh University of Tehran/IRAN. After

working for ten years in graphic design and animation in the industry for some

Companies in India, Oman, and Iran, he went to the United state. He got his

master of fine art degree in digital production art.

Mohammad likes to learn new technology and share that with students.

Because of that, he spends time teaching Graphics and Animation at

Universities in person and online.

1. Forward
2. Introduction
3. CHAPTER 1: The Cell
4. CHAPTER 2: How do cells divide and why is it important to know the process?
5. CHAPTER 3: Structure of DNA and why we use DNA in Forensic Science.
6. CHAPTER 4: Capillary Gel Electrophoresis for analysis of DNA in Crime Labs
7. CHAPTER 5: Sex Determination by STR
8. CHAPTER 6: The Combined DNA Index System (CODIS)
9. CHAPTER 7: How STRs are analyzed in a Forensic Laboratory
10. CHAPTER 8: Complexities of Sex Determination
11. CHAPTER 9: Y-STR and Paternal Ancestry
12. CHAPTER 10: Mitochondrial STRs
13. CHAPTER 11: Forensic Serology
14. CHAPTER 12: How to extract DNA from a biological sample
15. CHAPTER 13: A guide to understanding the value of DNA results: A short discussion on Probability and Statistical Calculations.
16. CHAPTER 14: What are autosomal dominant, recessive, and X-linked dominant and recessive traits?