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Food webs have now been addressed in empirical and theoretical research for more than 50 years. Yet, even elementary foundational issues are still hotly debated. One difficulty is that a multitude of processes need to be taken into account to understand the patterns found empirically in the structure of food webs and communities.
Food Webs and Biodiversity develops a fresh, comprehensive perspective on food webs. Mechanistic explanations for several known macroecological patterns are derived from a few fundamental concepts, which are quantitatively linked to field-observables. An argument is developed that food webs will often be the key to understanding patterns of biodiversity at community level.
Key Features:
* Predicts generic characteristics of ecological communities in invasion-extirpation equilibrium.
* Generalizes the theory of competition to food webs with arbitrary topologies.
* Presents a new, testable quantitative theory for the mechanisms determining species richness in food webs, and other new results.
* Written by an internationally respected expert in the field.
With global warming and other pressures on ecosystems rising, understanding and protecting biodiversity is a cause of international concern. This highly topical book will be of interest to a wide ranging audience, including not only graduate students and practitioners in community and conservation ecology but also the complex-systems research community as well as mathematicians and physicists interested in the theory of networks.
"This is a comprehensive work outlining a large array of very novel and potentially game-changing ideas in food web ecology."
Ken Haste Andersen, Technical University of Denmark
"I believe that this will be a landmark book in community ecology ... it presents a well-established and consistent mathematical theory of food-webs. It is testable in many ways and the author finds remarkable agreements between predictions and reality."
Géza Meszéna, Eötvös University, Budapest
Food Webs and Biodiversity develops a fresh, comprehensive perspective on food webs. Mechanistic explanations for several known macroecological patterns are derived from a few fundamental concepts, which are quantitatively linked to field-observables. An argument is developed that food webs will often be the key to understanding patterns of biodiversity at community level.
Key Features:
* Predicts generic characteristics of ecological communities in invasion-extirpation equilibrium.
* Generalizes the theory of competition to food webs with arbitrary topologies.
* Presents a new, testable quantitative theory for the mechanisms determining species richness in food webs, and other new results.
* Written by an internationally respected expert in the field.
With global warming and other pressures on ecosystems rising, understanding and protecting biodiversity is a cause of international concern. This highly topical book will be of interest to a wide ranging audience, including not only graduate students and practitioners in community and conservation ecology but also the complex-systems research community as well as mathematicians and physicists interested in the theory of networks.
"This is a comprehensive work outlining a large array of very novel and potentially game-changing ideas in food web ecology."
Ken Haste Andersen, Technical University of Denmark
"I believe that this will be a landmark book in community ecology ... it presents a well-established and consistent mathematical theory of food-webs. It is testable in many ways and the author finds remarkable agreements between predictions and reality."
Géza Meszéna, Eötvös University, Budapest
Food webs have now been addressed in empirical and theoretical research for more than 50 years. Yet, even elementary foundational issues are still hotly debated. One difficulty is that a multitude of processes need to be taken into account to understand the patterns found empirically in the structure of food webs and communities.
Food Webs and Biodiversity develops a fresh, comprehensive perspective on food webs. Mechanistic explanations for several known macroecological patterns are derived from a few fundamental concepts, which are quantitatively linked to field-observables. An argument is developed that food webs will often be the key to understanding patterns of biodiversity at community level.
Key Features:
* Predicts generic characteristics of ecological communities in invasion-extirpation equilibrium.
* Generalizes the theory of competition to food webs with arbitrary topologies.
* Presents a new, testable quantitative theory for the mechanisms determining species richness in food webs, and other new results.
* Written by an internationally respected expert in the field.
With global warming and other pressures on ecosystems rising, understanding and protecting biodiversity is a cause of international concern. This highly topical book will be of interest to a wide ranging audience, including not only graduate students and practitioners in community and conservation ecology but also the complex-systems research community as well as mathematicians and physicists interested in the theory of networks.
"This is a comprehensive work outlining a large array of very novel and potentially game-changing ideas in food web ecology."
Ken Haste Andersen, Technical University of Denmark
"I believe that this will be a landmark book in community ecology ... it presents a well-established and consistent mathematical theory of food-webs. It is testable in many ways and the author finds remarkable agreements between predictions and reality."
Géza Meszéna, Eötvös University, Budapest
Food Webs and Biodiversity develops a fresh, comprehensive perspective on food webs. Mechanistic explanations for several known macroecological patterns are derived from a few fundamental concepts, which are quantitatively linked to field-observables. An argument is developed that food webs will often be the key to understanding patterns of biodiversity at community level.
Key Features:
* Predicts generic characteristics of ecological communities in invasion-extirpation equilibrium.
* Generalizes the theory of competition to food webs with arbitrary topologies.
* Presents a new, testable quantitative theory for the mechanisms determining species richness in food webs, and other new results.
* Written by an internationally respected expert in the field.
With global warming and other pressures on ecosystems rising, understanding and protecting biodiversity is a cause of international concern. This highly topical book will be of interest to a wide ranging audience, including not only graduate students and practitioners in community and conservation ecology but also the complex-systems research community as well as mathematicians and physicists interested in the theory of networks.
"This is a comprehensive work outlining a large array of very novel and potentially game-changing ideas in food web ecology."
Ken Haste Andersen, Technical University of Denmark
"I believe that this will be a landmark book in community ecology ... it presents a well-established and consistent mathematical theory of food-webs. It is testable in many ways and the author finds remarkable agreements between predictions and reality."
Géza Meszéna, Eötvös University, Budapest
Über den Autor
Axel G. Rossberg obtained an M.A. in theoretical physics at the University of Texas at Austin and a Ph.D. in complex-system physics at the University of Bayreuth. Since 2003 he is specializing on food-web theory and community ecology. To foster applications in the management context he recently joined UK's Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science (Cefas). He is also Senior Research Fellow at Queen's University Belfast and Honorary Lecturer at University of East Anglia, and serves on the editorial board of The American Naturalist.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Acknowledgments xvii
List of Symbols xix
Part I Preliminaries
1 Introduction 3
2 Models and Theories 7
2.1 The usefulness of models 7
2.2 What models should model 8
2.3 The possibility of ecological theory 10
2.4 Theory-driven ecological research 11
3 Some Basic Concepts 13
3.1 Basic concepts of food-web studies 13
3.2 Physical quantities and dimensions 15
Part II Elements of Food-Web Models
4 Energy and Biomass Budgets 19
4.1 Currencies of accounting 19
4.2 Rates and efficiencies 20
4.3 Energy budgets in food webs 21
5 Allometric Scaling Relationships Between Body Size and Physiological Rates 25
5.1 Scales and scaling 25
5.2 Allometric scaling 26
6 Population Dynamics 29
6.1 Basic considerations 29
6.2 Structured populations and density-dependence 32
6.3 The Quasi-Neutral Approximation 35
6.4 Reproductive value 40
7 From Trophic Interactions to Trophic Link Strengths 45
7.1 Functional and numerical responses 45
7.2 Three models for functional responses 46
7.3 Food webs as networks of trophic link strengths 48
8 Tropic Niche Space and Trophic Traits 51
8.1 Topology and dimensionality of trophic niche space 52
8.2 Examples and ecological interpretations 55
8.3 Determination of trophic niche-space dimensionality 58
8.4 Identification of trophic traits 60
8.5 The geometry of trophic niche space 65
8.6 Conclusions 75
9 Community Turnover and Evolution 77
9.1 The spatial scale of interest 77
9.2 How communities evolve 78
9.3 The mutation-for-dispersion trick 79
9.4 Mutation-for-dispersion in a neutral food-web model 80
10 The Population-Dynamical Matching Model 81
Part III Mechanisms and Processes
11 Basic Characterizations of Link-Strength Distributions 87
11.1 Modelling the distribution of logarithmic link strengths 88
11.2 High-dimensional trophic niche spaces 93
12 Diet Partitioning 103
12.1 The diet partitioning function 103
12.2 Modelling the DPF 107
12.3 Comparison with data 113
12.4 Conclusions 114
13 Multivariate Link-Strength Distributions and Phylogenetic Patterns 117
13.1 Modelling phylogenetic structure in trophic traits 118
13.2 The matching model 123
13.3 Characteristics of phylogenetically structured food webs 126
14 A Framework Theory for Community Assembly 137
14.1 Ecological communities as dynamical systems 137
14.2 Existence, positivity, stability, and permanence 138
14.3 Generic bifurcations in community dynamics and their ecological phenomenology 139
14.4 Comparison with observations 144
14.5 Invasion fitness and harvesting resistance 148
14.6 Community assembly and stochastic species packing 152
15 Competition in Food Webs 165
15.1 Basic concepts 166
15.2 Competition in two-level food webs 167
15.3 Competition in arbitrary food webs 173
16 Mean-Field Theory of Resource-Mediated Competition 181
16.1 Transition to scaled variables 182
16.2 The extended mean-field theory of competitive exclusion 184
17 Resource-Mediated Competition and Assembly 193
17.1 Preparation 193
17.2 Stochastic species packing under asymmetric competition 197
17.3 Stochastic species packing with competition symmetry 207
18 Random-Matrix Competition Theory 221
18.1 Asymmetric competition 221
18.2 Stability vs feasibility limits to species richness 225
18.3 Partially and fully symmetric competition 226
18.4 Sparse overlap matrices 228
18.5 Resource overlap matrices 230
18.6 Comparison with data 242
19 Species Richness, Size and Trophic Level 247
19.1 Predator-prey mass ratios 247
19.2 Modelling the joint distribution of size, trophic level, and species richness 249
20 Consumer-Mediated Competition and Assembly 255
20.1 A two-level food-web assembly model 256
20.2 Analytic characterization of the model steady state 257
20.3 Dependence of invader impacts on dietary diversity 262
20.4 Evolution of base attack rates 266
21 Food Chains and Size Spectra 271
21.1 Concepts 271
21.2 Power-law food chains 274
perturbations 278
21.3 Food chains with non-linear functional responses 281
21.4 What are the mechanisms controlling the scaling laws? 290
21.5 Scavengers and detrivores 294
22 Structure and Dynamics of PDMM Model Communities 297
22.1 PDMM model definition 298
22.2 PDMM simulations 303
22.3 The PDMM with evolving attack rates 314
22.4 Conclusions 318
Part IV Implications
23 Scientific Implications 323
23.1 Main mechanisms identified by the theory 323
23.2 Testable assumptions and predictions 325
23.3 Some unsolved problems 327
23.4 The future of community ecology 329
24 Conservation Implications 331
24.1 Assessing biodiversity 331
24.2 Modelling ecological communities 333
24.3 Managing biodiversity 334
Appendix A 337
A.1 Mathematical concepts, formulae, and jargon 337
Bibliography 349
Index 365
List of Symbols xix
Part I Preliminaries
1 Introduction 3
2 Models and Theories 7
2.1 The usefulness of models 7
2.2 What models should model 8
2.3 The possibility of ecological theory 10
2.4 Theory-driven ecological research 11
3 Some Basic Concepts 13
3.1 Basic concepts of food-web studies 13
3.2 Physical quantities and dimensions 15
Part II Elements of Food-Web Models
4 Energy and Biomass Budgets 19
4.1 Currencies of accounting 19
4.2 Rates and efficiencies 20
4.3 Energy budgets in food webs 21
5 Allometric Scaling Relationships Between Body Size and Physiological Rates 25
5.1 Scales and scaling 25
5.2 Allometric scaling 26
6 Population Dynamics 29
6.1 Basic considerations 29
6.2 Structured populations and density-dependence 32
6.3 The Quasi-Neutral Approximation 35
6.4 Reproductive value 40
7 From Trophic Interactions to Trophic Link Strengths 45
7.1 Functional and numerical responses 45
7.2 Three models for functional responses 46
7.3 Food webs as networks of trophic link strengths 48
8 Tropic Niche Space and Trophic Traits 51
8.1 Topology and dimensionality of trophic niche space 52
8.2 Examples and ecological interpretations 55
8.3 Determination of trophic niche-space dimensionality 58
8.4 Identification of trophic traits 60
8.5 The geometry of trophic niche space 65
8.6 Conclusions 75
9 Community Turnover and Evolution 77
9.1 The spatial scale of interest 77
9.2 How communities evolve 78
9.3 The mutation-for-dispersion trick 79
9.4 Mutation-for-dispersion in a neutral food-web model 80
10 The Population-Dynamical Matching Model 81
Part III Mechanisms and Processes
11 Basic Characterizations of Link-Strength Distributions 87
11.1 Modelling the distribution of logarithmic link strengths 88
11.2 High-dimensional trophic niche spaces 93
12 Diet Partitioning 103
12.1 The diet partitioning function 103
12.2 Modelling the DPF 107
12.3 Comparison with data 113
12.4 Conclusions 114
13 Multivariate Link-Strength Distributions and Phylogenetic Patterns 117
13.1 Modelling phylogenetic structure in trophic traits 118
13.2 The matching model 123
13.3 Characteristics of phylogenetically structured food webs 126
14 A Framework Theory for Community Assembly 137
14.1 Ecological communities as dynamical systems 137
14.2 Existence, positivity, stability, and permanence 138
14.3 Generic bifurcations in community dynamics and their ecological phenomenology 139
14.4 Comparison with observations 144
14.5 Invasion fitness and harvesting resistance 148
14.6 Community assembly and stochastic species packing 152
15 Competition in Food Webs 165
15.1 Basic concepts 166
15.2 Competition in two-level food webs 167
15.3 Competition in arbitrary food webs 173
16 Mean-Field Theory of Resource-Mediated Competition 181
16.1 Transition to scaled variables 182
16.2 The extended mean-field theory of competitive exclusion 184
17 Resource-Mediated Competition and Assembly 193
17.1 Preparation 193
17.2 Stochastic species packing under asymmetric competition 197
17.3 Stochastic species packing with competition symmetry 207
18 Random-Matrix Competition Theory 221
18.1 Asymmetric competition 221
18.2 Stability vs feasibility limits to species richness 225
18.3 Partially and fully symmetric competition 226
18.4 Sparse overlap matrices 228
18.5 Resource overlap matrices 230
18.6 Comparison with data 242
19 Species Richness, Size and Trophic Level 247
19.1 Predator-prey mass ratios 247
19.2 Modelling the joint distribution of size, trophic level, and species richness 249
20 Consumer-Mediated Competition and Assembly 255
20.1 A two-level food-web assembly model 256
20.2 Analytic characterization of the model steady state 257
20.3 Dependence of invader impacts on dietary diversity 262
20.4 Evolution of base attack rates 266
21 Food Chains and Size Spectra 271
21.1 Concepts 271
21.2 Power-law food chains 274
perturbations 278
21.3 Food chains with non-linear functional responses 281
21.4 What are the mechanisms controlling the scaling laws? 290
21.5 Scavengers and detrivores 294
22 Structure and Dynamics of PDMM Model Communities 297
22.1 PDMM model definition 298
22.2 PDMM simulations 303
22.3 The PDMM with evolving attack rates 314
22.4 Conclusions 318
Part IV Implications
23 Scientific Implications 323
23.1 Main mechanisms identified by the theory 323
23.2 Testable assumptions and predictions 325
23.3 Some unsolved problems 327
23.4 The future of community ecology 329
24 Conservation Implications 331
24.1 Assessing biodiversity 331
24.2 Modelling ecological communities 333
24.3 Managing biodiversity 334
Appendix A 337
A.1 Mathematical concepts, formulae, and jargon 337
Bibliography 349
Index 365
Details
| Erscheinungsjahr: | 2013 |
|---|---|
| Fachbereich: | Ökologie |
| Genre: | Biologie |
| Rubrik: | Naturwissenschaften & Technik |
| Medium: | Buch |
| Seiten: | 396 |
| Inhalt: | 400 S. |
| ISBN-13: | 9780470973554 |
| ISBN-10: | 0470973552 |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Einband: | Gebunden |
| Autor: | Rossberg, Axel G |
| Hersteller: |
Wiley
John Wiley & Sons |
| Maße: | 244 x 170 x 25 mm |
| Von/Mit: | Axel G Rossberg |
| Erscheinungsdatum: | 05.08.2013 |
| Gewicht: | 0,748 kg |
Über den Autor
Axel G. Rossberg obtained an M.A. in theoretical physics at the University of Texas at Austin and a Ph.D. in complex-system physics at the University of Bayreuth. Since 2003 he is specializing on food-web theory and community ecology. To foster applications in the management context he recently joined UK's Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science (Cefas). He is also Senior Research Fellow at Queen's University Belfast and Honorary Lecturer at University of East Anglia, and serves on the editorial board of The American Naturalist.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Acknowledgments xvii
List of Symbols xix
Part I Preliminaries
1 Introduction 3
2 Models and Theories 7
2.1 The usefulness of models 7
2.2 What models should model 8
2.3 The possibility of ecological theory 10
2.4 Theory-driven ecological research 11
3 Some Basic Concepts 13
3.1 Basic concepts of food-web studies 13
3.2 Physical quantities and dimensions 15
Part II Elements of Food-Web Models
4 Energy and Biomass Budgets 19
4.1 Currencies of accounting 19
4.2 Rates and efficiencies 20
4.3 Energy budgets in food webs 21
5 Allometric Scaling Relationships Between Body Size and Physiological Rates 25
5.1 Scales and scaling 25
5.2 Allometric scaling 26
6 Population Dynamics 29
6.1 Basic considerations 29
6.2 Structured populations and density-dependence 32
6.3 The Quasi-Neutral Approximation 35
6.4 Reproductive value 40
7 From Trophic Interactions to Trophic Link Strengths 45
7.1 Functional and numerical responses 45
7.2 Three models for functional responses 46
7.3 Food webs as networks of trophic link strengths 48
8 Tropic Niche Space and Trophic Traits 51
8.1 Topology and dimensionality of trophic niche space 52
8.2 Examples and ecological interpretations 55
8.3 Determination of trophic niche-space dimensionality 58
8.4 Identification of trophic traits 60
8.5 The geometry of trophic niche space 65
8.6 Conclusions 75
9 Community Turnover and Evolution 77
9.1 The spatial scale of interest 77
9.2 How communities evolve 78
9.3 The mutation-for-dispersion trick 79
9.4 Mutation-for-dispersion in a neutral food-web model 80
10 The Population-Dynamical Matching Model 81
Part III Mechanisms and Processes
11 Basic Characterizations of Link-Strength Distributions 87
11.1 Modelling the distribution of logarithmic link strengths 88
11.2 High-dimensional trophic niche spaces 93
12 Diet Partitioning 103
12.1 The diet partitioning function 103
12.2 Modelling the DPF 107
12.3 Comparison with data 113
12.4 Conclusions 114
13 Multivariate Link-Strength Distributions and Phylogenetic Patterns 117
13.1 Modelling phylogenetic structure in trophic traits 118
13.2 The matching model 123
13.3 Characteristics of phylogenetically structured food webs 126
14 A Framework Theory for Community Assembly 137
14.1 Ecological communities as dynamical systems 137
14.2 Existence, positivity, stability, and permanence 138
14.3 Generic bifurcations in community dynamics and their ecological phenomenology 139
14.4 Comparison with observations 144
14.5 Invasion fitness and harvesting resistance 148
14.6 Community assembly and stochastic species packing 152
15 Competition in Food Webs 165
15.1 Basic concepts 166
15.2 Competition in two-level food webs 167
15.3 Competition in arbitrary food webs 173
16 Mean-Field Theory of Resource-Mediated Competition 181
16.1 Transition to scaled variables 182
16.2 The extended mean-field theory of competitive exclusion 184
17 Resource-Mediated Competition and Assembly 193
17.1 Preparation 193
17.2 Stochastic species packing under asymmetric competition 197
17.3 Stochastic species packing with competition symmetry 207
18 Random-Matrix Competition Theory 221
18.1 Asymmetric competition 221
18.2 Stability vs feasibility limits to species richness 225
18.3 Partially and fully symmetric competition 226
18.4 Sparse overlap matrices 228
18.5 Resource overlap matrices 230
18.6 Comparison with data 242
19 Species Richness, Size and Trophic Level 247
19.1 Predator-prey mass ratios 247
19.2 Modelling the joint distribution of size, trophic level, and species richness 249
20 Consumer-Mediated Competition and Assembly 255
20.1 A two-level food-web assembly model 256
20.2 Analytic characterization of the model steady state 257
20.3 Dependence of invader impacts on dietary diversity 262
20.4 Evolution of base attack rates 266
21 Food Chains and Size Spectra 271
21.1 Concepts 271
21.2 Power-law food chains 274
perturbations 278
21.3 Food chains with non-linear functional responses 281
21.4 What are the mechanisms controlling the scaling laws? 290
21.5 Scavengers and detrivores 294
22 Structure and Dynamics of PDMM Model Communities 297
22.1 PDMM model definition 298
22.2 PDMM simulations 303
22.3 The PDMM with evolving attack rates 314
22.4 Conclusions 318
Part IV Implications
23 Scientific Implications 323
23.1 Main mechanisms identified by the theory 323
23.2 Testable assumptions and predictions 325
23.3 Some unsolved problems 327
23.4 The future of community ecology 329
24 Conservation Implications 331
24.1 Assessing biodiversity 331
24.2 Modelling ecological communities 333
24.3 Managing biodiversity 334
Appendix A 337
A.1 Mathematical concepts, formulae, and jargon 337
Bibliography 349
Index 365
List of Symbols xix
Part I Preliminaries
1 Introduction 3
2 Models and Theories 7
2.1 The usefulness of models 7
2.2 What models should model 8
2.3 The possibility of ecological theory 10
2.4 Theory-driven ecological research 11
3 Some Basic Concepts 13
3.1 Basic concepts of food-web studies 13
3.2 Physical quantities and dimensions 15
Part II Elements of Food-Web Models
4 Energy and Biomass Budgets 19
4.1 Currencies of accounting 19
4.2 Rates and efficiencies 20
4.3 Energy budgets in food webs 21
5 Allometric Scaling Relationships Between Body Size and Physiological Rates 25
5.1 Scales and scaling 25
5.2 Allometric scaling 26
6 Population Dynamics 29
6.1 Basic considerations 29
6.2 Structured populations and density-dependence 32
6.3 The Quasi-Neutral Approximation 35
6.4 Reproductive value 40
7 From Trophic Interactions to Trophic Link Strengths 45
7.1 Functional and numerical responses 45
7.2 Three models for functional responses 46
7.3 Food webs as networks of trophic link strengths 48
8 Tropic Niche Space and Trophic Traits 51
8.1 Topology and dimensionality of trophic niche space 52
8.2 Examples and ecological interpretations 55
8.3 Determination of trophic niche-space dimensionality 58
8.4 Identification of trophic traits 60
8.5 The geometry of trophic niche space 65
8.6 Conclusions 75
9 Community Turnover and Evolution 77
9.1 The spatial scale of interest 77
9.2 How communities evolve 78
9.3 The mutation-for-dispersion trick 79
9.4 Mutation-for-dispersion in a neutral food-web model 80
10 The Population-Dynamical Matching Model 81
Part III Mechanisms and Processes
11 Basic Characterizations of Link-Strength Distributions 87
11.1 Modelling the distribution of logarithmic link strengths 88
11.2 High-dimensional trophic niche spaces 93
12 Diet Partitioning 103
12.1 The diet partitioning function 103
12.2 Modelling the DPF 107
12.3 Comparison with data 113
12.4 Conclusions 114
13 Multivariate Link-Strength Distributions and Phylogenetic Patterns 117
13.1 Modelling phylogenetic structure in trophic traits 118
13.2 The matching model 123
13.3 Characteristics of phylogenetically structured food webs 126
14 A Framework Theory for Community Assembly 137
14.1 Ecological communities as dynamical systems 137
14.2 Existence, positivity, stability, and permanence 138
14.3 Generic bifurcations in community dynamics and their ecological phenomenology 139
14.4 Comparison with observations 144
14.5 Invasion fitness and harvesting resistance 148
14.6 Community assembly and stochastic species packing 152
15 Competition in Food Webs 165
15.1 Basic concepts 166
15.2 Competition in two-level food webs 167
15.3 Competition in arbitrary food webs 173
16 Mean-Field Theory of Resource-Mediated Competition 181
16.1 Transition to scaled variables 182
16.2 The extended mean-field theory of competitive exclusion 184
17 Resource-Mediated Competition and Assembly 193
17.1 Preparation 193
17.2 Stochastic species packing under asymmetric competition 197
17.3 Stochastic species packing with competition symmetry 207
18 Random-Matrix Competition Theory 221
18.1 Asymmetric competition 221
18.2 Stability vs feasibility limits to species richness 225
18.3 Partially and fully symmetric competition 226
18.4 Sparse overlap matrices 228
18.5 Resource overlap matrices 230
18.6 Comparison with data 242
19 Species Richness, Size and Trophic Level 247
19.1 Predator-prey mass ratios 247
19.2 Modelling the joint distribution of size, trophic level, and species richness 249
20 Consumer-Mediated Competition and Assembly 255
20.1 A two-level food-web assembly model 256
20.2 Analytic characterization of the model steady state 257
20.3 Dependence of invader impacts on dietary diversity 262
20.4 Evolution of base attack rates 266
21 Food Chains and Size Spectra 271
21.1 Concepts 271
21.2 Power-law food chains 274
perturbations 278
21.3 Food chains with non-linear functional responses 281
21.4 What are the mechanisms controlling the scaling laws? 290
21.5 Scavengers and detrivores 294
22 Structure and Dynamics of PDMM Model Communities 297
22.1 PDMM model definition 298
22.2 PDMM simulations 303
22.3 The PDMM with evolving attack rates 314
22.4 Conclusions 318
Part IV Implications
23 Scientific Implications 323
23.1 Main mechanisms identified by the theory 323
23.2 Testable assumptions and predictions 325
23.3 Some unsolved problems 327
23.4 The future of community ecology 329
24 Conservation Implications 331
24.1 Assessing biodiversity 331
24.2 Modelling ecological communities 333
24.3 Managing biodiversity 334
Appendix A 337
A.1 Mathematical concepts, formulae, and jargon 337
Bibliography 349
Index 365
Details
| Erscheinungsjahr: | 2013 |
|---|---|
| Fachbereich: | Ökologie |
| Genre: | Biologie |
| Rubrik: | Naturwissenschaften & Technik |
| Medium: | Buch |
| Seiten: | 396 |
| Inhalt: | 400 S. |
| ISBN-13: | 9780470973554 |
| ISBN-10: | 0470973552 |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Einband: | Gebunden |
| Autor: | Rossberg, Axel G |
| Hersteller: |
Wiley
John Wiley & Sons |
| Maße: | 244 x 170 x 25 mm |
| Von/Mit: | Axel G Rossberg |
| Erscheinungsdatum: | 05.08.2013 |
| Gewicht: | 0,748 kg |
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