Yangang Liu, Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA.

Pavlos Kollias, Brookhaven National Laboratory and Stony Brook University, USA.

List of contributors vii

Preface xi

1 Progress in Understanding and Parameterizing Fast Physics in Large-Scale Atmospheric Models 1
Yangang Liu and Pavlos Kollias

Part I Processes and Parameterizations

2 Radiative Transfer and Atmospheric Interactions 13
Yu Gu and Kuo-Nan Liou

3 AerosolsandClimateEffects 53
Xiaohong Liu

4 Entrainment, Mixing, and Their Microphysical Influences 87
Chunsong Lu, Yangang Liu, Xiaoqi Xu, Sinan Gao, and Cheng Sun

5 Deep Convection and Convective Clouds 121
Leo J. Donner

6 Stratus, Stratocumulus, and Remote Sensing 141
Xiquan Dong and Patrick Minnis

7 Planetary Boundary Layer and Processes 201
Virendra P. Ghate and David B. Mechem

8 Human Impacts on Land Surface-Atmosphere Interactions 213
Michael Barlage and Fei Chen

9 Gravity Wave Drag Parameterizations for Earth's Atmosphere 229
Christopher G. Kruse, Jadwiga H. Richter, M. Joan Alexander, Julio T. Bacmeister, Christopher Heale, and Junhong Wei

Part II Unifying Efforts

10 Higher-Order Equations Closed by the Assumed PDF Method: Suitability for Parameterizing Cumulus Convection 259
Vincent E. Larson

11 An Introduction to the Eddy-Diffusivity/Mass-Flux (EDMF) Approach: A Unified Turbulence and ConvectionParameterization 271
João Teixeira, Kay Suselj, and Marcin J. Kurowski

12 Application of Machine Learning to Parameterization Emulation and Development 283
Vladimir Krasnopolsky and Alexei Belochitski

13 Top-DownApproachestotheStudyofCloudSystems 313
Graham Feingold and Ilan Koren

Part III Measurements, Model Evaluation, and Model-measurement Integration

14 Ground-Based Remote-Sensing of Key Properties 329
Katia Lamer, Pavlos Kollias, Vassilis Amiridis, Eleni Marinou, Ulrich Loehnert, Sabrina Schnitt, and Allison McComiskey

15 Satellite and Airborne Remote Sensing of Clouds and Aerosols 361
Alexander Marshak and Anthony B. Davis

16 In Situ and Laboratory Measurements of Cloud Microphysical Properties 399
Kamal Kant Chandrakar and Raymond A. Shaw

17 Frameworks for Testing and Evaluating Fast Physics: Parameterizations in Climate and Weather Forecasting Models 425
Wuyin Lin and Shaocheng Xie

18 Future Research Outlook: Challenges and Opportunities 445
Yangang Liu and Pavlos Kollias

Index 451