Mike Easey is Director of Collaborative Ventures in Newcastle Business School at the University of Northumbria. He has worked for three multinationals in marketing research, promotion and marketing planning positions. An experienced marketing consultant, he has undertaken an extensive range of consultancy work including marketing for fashion manufacturers and fashion retailers. He is also a university external examiner in fashion marketing, a QAA Specialist Subject Reviewer in marketing and a member of the editorial board of the Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management.

List of Contributors ix Preface xi Acknowledgements xv Part A: Understanding Fashion Marketing 1 1 An Introduction to Fashion Marketing 3Mike Easey 1.1 What is fashion? 3 1.2 What is marketing? 5 1.3 What is fashion marketing? 7 1.4 Fashion marketing in practice 7 1.5 How fashion marketing can help the fashion industry 11 1.6 What fashion marketers do: five examples 12 1.7 Ethical issues in fashion marketing 13 1.8 An overview of the fashion marketing process 15 1.9 Summary 16 Further reading 17 2 The Fashion Market and the Marketing Environment 18Christine Sorensen 2.1 Introduction 18 2.2 The development of the fashion market 18 2.3 The fashion market: size and structure 21 2.4 Marketing environment 26 2.5 Micro-marketing environment 26 2.6 Macro-marketing environment 34 2.7 Trends in the marketing environment 56 2.8 Summary 58 Further reading 59 Part B: Understanding and Researching the Fashion Purchaser 61 3 The Fashion Consumer and Organizational Buyer 63Mike Easey 3.1 Introduction 63 3.2 Why study the fashion buyer? 64 3.3 Fashion consumer decision-making 68 3.4 Psychological processes 73 3.5 Sociological aspects of consumer behaviour 83 3.6 The organizational buyer 94 3.7 Summary 95 Further reading 96 4 Fashion Marketing Research 97Patricia Gray 4.1 Introduction 97 4.2 The purpose of marketing research 97 4.3 An overview of the marketing research process 100 4.4 Problem definition and setting research objectives 100 4.5 Research design 100 4.6 Data sources 101 4.7 Practical sampling methods 103 4.8 Primary data collection methods 108 4.9 Data collection methods 111 4.10 Questionnaire design 113 4.11 Attitude measurement and rating scales 117 4.12 The role of marketing research in new product development 119 4.13 Forecasting fashion 121 4.14 The Internet as a research tool 123 4.15 International marketing research 126 4.16 Summary 127 Further reading 128 Part C: Target Marketing and Managing the Fashion Marketing mix 129 5 Segmentation and the Marketing mix 131Mike Easey and Christine Sorensen 5.1 Introduction and overview 131 5.2 Mass marketing and market segmentation 131 5.3 Segmentation: rationale, bases and strategy 134 5.4 Positioning and perceptual mapping 140 5.5 The fashion marketing mix 141 5.6 Summary 143 Further reading 144 6 Designing and Marketing Fashion Products 145Sheila Atkinson and Mike Easey 6.1 Introduction 145 6.2 The importance of fashion products 145 6.3 The nature of fashion products 147 6.4 The fashion industry and new product development 157 6.5 Retail buying sequence: autumn and winter season 161 6.6 The product mix and range planning 163 6.7 Fashion and related life cycles 169 6.8 Summary 176 Further reading 176 7 Pricing Garments and Fashion Services 177Mike Easey 7.1 Introduction 177 7.2 Different views of price 177 7.3 The role of price decisions within marketing strategy 178 7.4 External factors influencing price decisions 180 7.5 Internal factors influencing price decisions 183 7.6 Main methods of setting prices 184 7.7 Pricing strategies in relation to new products 190 7.8 Pricing strategies to match the competition 191 7.9 Price changes 193 7.10 Summary 195 Further reading 195 8 Fashion Distribution 196John Willans 8.1 Introduction 196 8.2 The importance of fashion retailing 196 8.3 Structural issues 198 8.4 The industry's components 202 8.5 Trends in retailing 208 8.6 The Internet 213 8.7 The 'grey market' 215 8.8 Retail marketing effectiveness 215 8.9 Summary 216 Further reading 216 9 Fashion Marketing Communications 218Gaynor Lea-Greenwood 9.1 Introduction 218 9.2 The marketing communications environment 219 9.3 The traditional approach to promotion 220 9.4 Fashion advertising 223 9.5 Sales promotion 225 9.6 Public relations 226 9.7 Celebrity endorsement and sponsorship 227 9.8 Personal selling 229 9.9 Visual merchandising to visual marketing 230 9.10 International marketing communications 232 9.11 Ethics in marketing communications 233 9.12 Evaluating the effectiveness of marketing communications 234 9.13 New directions in fashion marketing communications 235 9.14 Summary 236 Useful websites 236 Further reading 237 10 Fashion Marketing Planning 238Mike Easey 10.1 Introduction 238 10.2 The planning process and objectives 238 10.3 Marketing audits and SWOT analysis 240 10.4 Marketing strategy 243 10.5 The fashion marketing plan 246 10.6 Implementation and organizational issues 247 10.7 Summary 250 Further reading 250 Glossary of Fashion Marketing Terms 251 Index 257