Introduction to evolution of learning and memory mechanisms Mark A. Krause, Karen L. Hollis, and Mauricio R. Papini; Part I. Evolution of Learning Processes: 1. Thrive on Simplicity: An Ethological recount of learning and memory in the nematode caenorhabditis elegans Alex Yu and Catharine Rankin; 2. Adaptive evolution of learning and memory in a model lineage William G. Wright; 3. Learning in insects: Possibilities and perspectives Alexis L. Kriete and Karen L. Hollis; 4. Experimental evolution and prepared learning Aimee Dunlap and Andreia Dexheimer; 5. Evolutionary processes shaping learning ability in insects Maartje Liefting; 6. Brain and spatial cognition in amphibians: Stem adaptations in the evolution of tetrapod cognition Rubén Muzio and Vern Bingman; 7. Pavlovian conditioning, survival and reproductive success Mark A. Krause and Michael Domjan; 8. Evolution and learning of trap avoidance by invasive birds: Theoretical considerations and empirical evidence Andrea Griffin and Marie Diquelou; 9. Relational memory functions of the hippocampal pallium in teleost fish Antonia Gómez, Francisco M. Ocaña, Tamara del Águila, Fernando Rodríguez and Cosme Salas; 10. Mechanisms underlying absolute and relative reward value in vertebrates Mauricio R. Papini; 11. Suboptimal choice: A psycho-evolutionary perspective Patrick Anselme; 12. A behavior systems approach: What it is and how to use it Francisco Silva and Kathleen Silva; 13. Dissociable learning processes: A comparative perspective Barbara A. Church, Brooke N. Jackson and J. David Smith; 14. Social learning strategies Rachel Kendal; 15. How learning affects evolution Kevin Laland, Thomas Oudman and Wataru Toyokawa; Part II. Evolution of Memory Processes: 16. The evolution of memory as an immediate perceptual identification mechanism Michael Fanselow; 17. Episodic memory in animals Jonathon Crystal; 18. A hierarchical framework for quantifying complex cognition Alexandra Schnell and Nicola Clayton; 19. Evolution of memory systems Johan Lind, Magnus Enquist and Stefano Ghirlanda; 20. What laboratory and field approaches bring to bear for understanding the evolution of ursid cognition Jennifer Vonk; 21. Distinguishing mechanisms of behavioral inhibition and self-control Michael Beran and Audrey E. Parrish; 22. Metamemory and control of memory in primates Robert Hampton; 23. Adaptive memory: The mnemonic value of fitness-relevant processing James Nairne and Michelle E. Coverdale; 24. Remembering cheaters: The influence of social relevance on source memory Meike Kroneisen; 25. Evolution of memory circuits under epigenetic regulation Ji-Song Guan; 26. Constraints on learning and memory: A resolution Aaron Blaisdell and Ben Seitz; Index.