Acknowledgements5
1 Introduction (Kim Werner and Ye Ding)21
1.1 Events: Future, Trends, Perspectives21
1.2 What Students and Lecturers can take away from this Book22
1.3 The Structure of this Book23
1.4 Bibliography27
PART A29
2 Female Careers in the Event Industry - Myth, Reality or Future Vision? (Nicole Böhmer, Kim Werner and Imke Wargin)31
2.1 Introduction
2.2 The Relevance of Gender Differences in the Event Industry32
2.2.1 Gendered preferences and gender gap32
2.2.2 Current gender issues in the event industry34
2.2.3 Current situation of horizontal and vertical segregation in the German event industry35
2.2.4 International developments within the industry36
2.2.5 Current state of research37
2.3 Current Career Concepts39
2.4 Event Careers: Dream Career or Accidental Success?40
2.4.1 Methodology40
2.4.2 Results41
2.4.3 Discussion and implications42
2.4.4 Limitations and future research avenues44
2.5 Conclusions and Summary45
2.6 Questions46
2.7 Further Readings47
2.8 Bibliography47
3 Work Stress of Event Managers (Susanne Doppler, Burkhard Schmidt and Liza Funke)51
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Stress in the Event Industry53
3.2.1 Defining stress53
3.2.2 Job demands and resources56
3.2.3 Health problems within the JD-R model58
3.3 Method59
3.3.1 Sample59
3.3.2 Interviews60
3.4 Results60
3.4.1 Job demands60
3.4.2 Job resources62
3.5 Summary63
3.6 Questions64
3.7 Further Readings64
3.8 Bibliography64
4 Marketing Meeting and Event Destinations in Disruptive Times: Future Challenges and Chances (Hans-Jürgen Gaida)69
4.1 Introduction69
4.2 Preliminaries71
4.2.1 ICCA, the International Congress and Convention Association72
4.2.2 World Economic Forum and Global Power City Index73
4.2.3 UNWTO, the World Tourism Organization74
4.2.4 IATA, the International Air Transport Association75
4.3 Distruptive Technologies79
4.4 Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality80
4.5 Smart Cities81
4.6 Urban Mobility83
4.7 Aviation87
4.8 Sustainability88
4.9 Summary89
4.10 Questions92
4.11 Further Readings 92
4.12 Bibliography92
5 Event Psychology - An Interdisciplinary Approach (Steffen Ronft)97
5.1 Introduction and Definition97
5.2 Characteristics of Psychological Disciplines99
5.2.1 General psychology100
5.2.2 Social psychology100
5.2.3 Differential psychology101
5.2.4 Psychology of perception101
5.2.5 Environmental psychology101
5.2.6 Cognitive psychology101
5.2.7 Biological psychology102
5.3 Goals and Effectiveness102
5.3.1 Enhancement of efficiency of live communication103
5.3.2 Specific relevance for professional event management103
5.3.3 Specific relevance for brand communication104
5.3.4 Specific relevance for trade fairs104
5.4 Influence on / Manipulation of Event Participants104
5.4.1 General conditions104
5.4.2 Examples of psychological manipulation effects105
5.4.3 Examples of sensory manipulating effects108
5.5 History and Perspectives109
5.5.1 Definition and development109
5.5.2 Protagonists developing event psychology110
5.5.3 Multisensory communication as a limitation of digital trans- formation?110
5.6 Summary111
5.7 Questions111
5.8 Further Readings111
5.9 Bibliography112
6 Theorising the "Event View" as a Kind of "World View" (Chunlei Wang and Xingdan Wang)115
6.1 Introduction115
6.2 Literature Review117
6.2.1 Special events and people's existence118
6.2.2 Special events and life transformation119
6.2.3 Special events and group life119
6.2.4 Special events and experiential learning120
6.3 The Construction of "the Event View as a World View"120
6.3.1 The theoretical basis120
6.3.2 The "event view as a kind of world view"120
6.3.3 The core of special events: the experience and the attached meaning 121
6.3.4 Rituals and the symbolic meaning of an event122
6.3.5 Special events and the accumulation and integration of cognitive elements122
6.3.6 The four-dimensional analysis framework of "objective-stakeholder- process-change"123
6.4 Construction of the