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Evaluating Evidence of Mechanisms in Medicine
Principles and Procedures
Taschenbuch von Veli-Pekka Parkkinen (u. a.)
Sprache: Englisch

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This book is open access under a CC BY license.

This book is the first to develop explicit methods for evaluating evidence of mechanisms in the field of medicine. It explains why it can be important to make this evidence explicit, and describes how to take such evidence into account in the evidence appraisal process. In addition, it develops procedures for seeking evidence of mechanisms, for evaluating evidence of mechanisms, and for combining this evaluation with evidence of association in order to yield an overall assessment of effectiveness.

Evidence-based medicine seeks to achieve improved health outcomes by making evidence explicit and by developing explicit methods for evaluating it. To date, evidence-based medicine has largely focused on evidence of association produced by clinical studies. As such, it has tended to overlook evidence of pathophysiological mechanisms and evidence of the mechanisms of action of interventions.

The bookoffers a useful guide for all those whose work involves evaluating evidence in the health sciences, including those who need to determine the effectiveness of health interventions and those who need to ascertain the effects of environmental exposures.

This book is open access under a CC BY license.

This book is the first to develop explicit methods for evaluating evidence of mechanisms in the field of medicine. It explains why it can be important to make this evidence explicit, and describes how to take such evidence into account in the evidence appraisal process. In addition, it develops procedures for seeking evidence of mechanisms, for evaluating evidence of mechanisms, and for combining this evaluation with evidence of association in order to yield an overall assessment of effectiveness.

Evidence-based medicine seeks to achieve improved health outcomes by making evidence explicit and by developing explicit methods for evaluating it. To date, evidence-based medicine has largely focused on evidence of association produced by clinical studies. As such, it has tended to overlook evidence of pathophysiological mechanisms and evidence of the mechanisms of action of interventions.

The bookoffers a useful guide for all those whose work involves evaluating evidence in the health sciences, including those who need to determine the effectiveness of health interventions and those who need to ascertain the effects of environmental exposures.

Inhaltsverzeichnis
1 Introduction.- 1.1 What is a mechanism?.- 1.2 Where does evidence of a mechanism come from?.- 1.3 Why consider evidence of mechanisms?.- 1.3.1 Evaluating efficacy.- 1.3.2 Evaluating external validity.- 1.3.3 Other questions.- 1.3.4 Importance of considering evidence of mechanisms.- 2 How to consider evidence of mechanisms: a summary.- 2.1 Questions to address.- 2.2 Quality level of evidence and status of claim.- 2.3 Identifying evidence of mechanisms in the literature.- 2.4 Evaluating evidence of mechanisms.- 2.5 Using evidence of mechanisms to evaluate causal claims.- 2.6 Overall approach.- 3 Identifying evidence of mechanisms in the literature.- 3.1 Hypothesize a mechanism.- 3.2 Search the literature.- 3.3 Identify the evidence most relevant to the mechanism hypothesis.- 3.4 Presenting the evidence of mechanisms.- 4 Evaluating evidence of mechanisms.- 4.1 Considerations for evaluating evidence of mechanism.- 4.2 Presenting quality of evidence of mechanisms.- 5 Using evidence of mechanisms to evaluate efficacy and external validity.- 5.1 Efficacy.- 5.2 External validity.- 6 Glossary.- 7 References.- 8 Acknowledgements.- 9 Appendix A. A critical appraisal tool for evidence of mechanisms.- 10 Appendix B. GRADE tables with mechanism assessment.- 11 Appendix C: Databases for evidence of mechanisms.- 12 Appendix D: Assessing exposures.- 12.1 Example: carcinogenicity of benzo[a]pyrene.- 12.2 Comparison to IARC.- 12.3 Molecular epidemiology.- 12.4 Comparison to SYRINA.
Details
Erscheinungsjahr: 2018
Genre: Philosophie
Rubrik: Geisteswissenschaften
Medium: Taschenbuch
Seiten: 125
Inhalt: xviii
125 S.
14 s/w Illustr.
125 p. 14 illus.
ISBN-13: 9783319946092
ISBN-10: 3319946099
Sprache: Englisch
Herstellernummer: 978-3-319-94609-2
Autor: Parkkinen, Veli-Pekka
Wallmann, Christian
Wilde, Michael
Clarke, Brendan
Illari, Phyllis
Kelly, Michael P
Norell, Charles
Russo, Federica
Shaw, Beth
Williamson, Jon
Auflage: 1st ed. 2018
Hersteller: Springer
Springer, Berlin
University of Kent
Springer International Publishing
Abbildungen: XVIII, 125 p. 14 illus.
Maße: 8 x 155 x 235 mm
Von/Mit: Veli-Pekka Parkkinen (u. a.)
Erscheinungsdatum: 24.07.2018
Gewicht: 0,231 kg
preigu-id: 113780794
Inhaltsverzeichnis
1 Introduction.- 1.1 What is a mechanism?.- 1.2 Where does evidence of a mechanism come from?.- 1.3 Why consider evidence of mechanisms?.- 1.3.1 Evaluating efficacy.- 1.3.2 Evaluating external validity.- 1.3.3 Other questions.- 1.3.4 Importance of considering evidence of mechanisms.- 2 How to consider evidence of mechanisms: a summary.- 2.1 Questions to address.- 2.2 Quality level of evidence and status of claim.- 2.3 Identifying evidence of mechanisms in the literature.- 2.4 Evaluating evidence of mechanisms.- 2.5 Using evidence of mechanisms to evaluate causal claims.- 2.6 Overall approach.- 3 Identifying evidence of mechanisms in the literature.- 3.1 Hypothesize a mechanism.- 3.2 Search the literature.- 3.3 Identify the evidence most relevant to the mechanism hypothesis.- 3.4 Presenting the evidence of mechanisms.- 4 Evaluating evidence of mechanisms.- 4.1 Considerations for evaluating evidence of mechanism.- 4.2 Presenting quality of evidence of mechanisms.- 5 Using evidence of mechanisms to evaluate efficacy and external validity.- 5.1 Efficacy.- 5.2 External validity.- 6 Glossary.- 7 References.- 8 Acknowledgements.- 9 Appendix A. A critical appraisal tool for evidence of mechanisms.- 10 Appendix B. GRADE tables with mechanism assessment.- 11 Appendix C: Databases for evidence of mechanisms.- 12 Appendix D: Assessing exposures.- 12.1 Example: carcinogenicity of benzo[a]pyrene.- 12.2 Comparison to IARC.- 12.3 Molecular epidemiology.- 12.4 Comparison to SYRINA.
Details
Erscheinungsjahr: 2018
Genre: Philosophie
Rubrik: Geisteswissenschaften
Medium: Taschenbuch
Seiten: 125
Inhalt: xviii
125 S.
14 s/w Illustr.
125 p. 14 illus.
ISBN-13: 9783319946092
ISBN-10: 3319946099
Sprache: Englisch
Herstellernummer: 978-3-319-94609-2
Autor: Parkkinen, Veli-Pekka
Wallmann, Christian
Wilde, Michael
Clarke, Brendan
Illari, Phyllis
Kelly, Michael P
Norell, Charles
Russo, Federica
Shaw, Beth
Williamson, Jon
Auflage: 1st ed. 2018
Hersteller: Springer
Springer, Berlin
University of Kent
Springer International Publishing
Abbildungen: XVIII, 125 p. 14 illus.
Maße: 8 x 155 x 235 mm
Von/Mit: Veli-Pekka Parkkinen (u. a.)
Erscheinungsdatum: 24.07.2018
Gewicht: 0,231 kg
preigu-id: 113780794
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