List of contributors; Acknowledgements; Introduction: victims or actors? European neutrals and non-belligerents, 1939¿45 Neville Wylie; Part I. The 'Phoney War' Neutrals: 1. Denmark, September 1939¿April 1940 Hans Kirchhoff; 2. Norway Patrick Salmon; 3. The Netherlands Bob Moore; 4. Belgium: fragile neutrality, solid neutralism Alain Colignon; Part II. The 'Wait and See' Neutrals: Map of South-East Europe and the Balkans, 1939¿41; 5. 'Where one man, and only one man, led': Italy's path from non-alignment to non-belligerency to war, 1937¿40 Brian R. Sullivan; 6. Treaty revision and doublespeak: Hungarian neutrality, 1939¿41 Tibor Frank; 7. Romanian neutrality 1939¿40 Maurice Pearton; 8. Bulgarian neutrality: domestic and international perspectives Vesselin Dimitrov; 9. Yugoslavia Dragoljub R. Živojinovi¿; Part III. The 'Long Haul' Neutrals: 10. Spain and the Second World War, 1939¿45 Elena Hernández-Sandoica and Enrique Moradiello; 11. Portuguese neutrality in the Second World War Fernando Rosas; 12. Irish neutrality in the Second World War Eunan O'Halpin; 13. Swedish neutrality during the Second World War: tactical success or moral compromise? Paul A. Levine; 14. Switzerland: a neutral of distinction? Neville Wylie; Appendix; Index.