List of Illustrations

Acknowledgments

Note on Language

Introduction: Disentangling Ethnicity from Its Ancestors in Littoral Kenya

PART I : ANCESTORS OF ETHNICITY

Chapter 1 Ancestors in the Doorway Claiming Kith and Kin in East Africa before 500 CE

Chapter 2 Making a Peaceful Home Organizing Clans through Knowledge along Sabaki Frontiers, ca. 150 BCE–1250 CE

Chapter 3 Dancing with Swords Domesticating Commerce through Clan Confederations in the Western Indian Ocean ca. 1000–1700 CE

PART II: INNOVATING ETHNICITY

Chapter 4 Polarizing Politics Imperial Ventures in Dar al-Islam, 1498–1813

Chapter 5 Practicing Muslims, Marginalized Pagans Accommodating Arab Orthodoxies in the Zanzibar Sultanate, 1813–1895

Chapter 6 Gazetting Identity Assembling Tribes and Demarcating Districts in the British East Africa Protectorate, 1895–1920

Chapter 7 Historicizing Tribalism A Kaleidoscope of Communities in the Colony and Protectorate of Kenya, 1921–1953

PART III: TRANSCENDING ETHNICITY?

Chapter 8 Transcending Ethnicity? Nationalist Sentiments and the Appeal of Autonomy during Kenyan Decolonization, 1953–1962

Epilogue Reconciling Ethnicity and Nationalism

Notes

Bibliography

Index