HUGH LAFOLLETTE is Emeritus Professor of Philosophy and Emeritus Cole Chair at the University of South Florida, St. Petersburg. He is the author of several books, most recently In Defense of Gun Control. He is the editor of numerous works, including the International Encyclopedia of Ethics and The Blackwell Guide to Ethical Theory. He primarily works on diverse issues in practical and normative ethics.

Preface for Instructors ix

Acknowledgments xi

General Introduction 1

Theorizing about Ethics 3

Reading Philosophy 12

Writing a Philosophy Paper 16

Basics of Argumentation 22

KEY: N - New to this edition; R - Revised for this edition; W - Written for EIP

Part I Theory 25

Ethical Theory 27

1 Consequentialism [W] 29
William H. Shaw

2 Deontology [W] 38
David McNaughton and Piers Rawling

3 Rights [W] 51
George W. Rainbolt

4 Virtue Theory [W] 60
Rosalind Hursthouse

5 Intellectual Vices [N & W] 70
Quassim Cassam

6 Pragmatic Ethics [N & R] 80
Hugh LaFollette

Part II Death, Life, and Moral Status 91

Euthanasia 93

7 Justifying Physician¿Assisted Deaths [W] 96
Tom L. Beauchamp

7a My Death is Close at Hand. But I Do Not Think of Myself as Dying Washington Post Opinion (April 27, 2023) 104
By Paul Woodruff

8 Against the Right to Die 106
J. David Velleman

9 Physician¿Assisted Deaths: Policy Choices 115
Ronald A. Lindsay

10 Dying at the Right Time: Reflections on (Un)assisted Suicide [W] 126
John Hardwig

11 'For Now Have I My Death': The 'Duty to Die' Versus the Duty to Help the Ill Stay Alive 138
Felicia Nimue Ackerman Copyrighted Material

Abortion 148

12 A Defense of Abortion 150
Judith Jarvis Thomson

13 On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion 158
Mary Anne Warren

14 An Argument that Abortion is Wrong [W] 168
Don Marquis

15 Virtue Theory and Abortion 178
Rosalind Hursthouse

16 Abortion, Post Dobbs: The Need for Public Reason [N & W] 187
Leonard M. Fleck

Animals 198

17 All Animals are Equal 201
Peter Singer

18 Moral Standing, the Value of Lives, and Speciesism 210
R. G. Frey

19 The Case for Animal Rights 221
Tom Regan

20 The Vegetarian Imperative [W] 227
Michael Allen Fox

Biomedical Technologies 237

21 Is Women's Labor a Commodity? 239
Elizabeth S. Anderson

22 Neural Implants and the TRICK to Autonomy [N & W] 250
Maximilian Kiener and Thomas Douglas

23 Should We Edit the Human Genome? [N & W] 259
Christopher Gyngell

24 Cognitive Enhancement [R] 272
Jonathan Pugh

Environment 285

25 The Value of Nature 287
Ronald Sandler

26 A Place for Cost-Benefit Analysis 296
David Schmidtz

27 Ideals of Human Excellence and Preserving Natural Environments 305
Thomas E. Hill, Jr.

28 A Perfect Moral Storm: Climate Change, Intergenerational Ethics, and the Problem of Moral Corruption 315
Stephen M. Gardiner

29 Greed: Past, Present, and Future [N & W] 326
Elaine E. Englehardt and Michael S. Pritchard

Part III Liberty and Equality 337

Paternalism and Risk 339

30 Freedom of Action 341
John Stuart Mill

31 Against the Legalization of Drugs 345
James Q. Wilson

32 Why We Should Decriminalize Drug Use [R] 350
Douglas Husak

33 The Liberal Basis of the Right to Bear Arms 359
Todd C. Hughes and Lester H. Hunt

34 Gun Control 370
Hugh LaFollette

Free Speech 382

35 Freedom of Thought and Discussion 385
John Stuart Mill

36 "The Price We Pay?" Pornography and Harm 389
Susan J. Brison

37 The Right to Get Turned On: Pornography, Autonomy, Equality 398
Andrew Altman

38 Sticks and Stones [W] 408
John Arthur

39 Speech Codes and Expressive Harm [W] 419
Andrew Altman

Discrimination 428

40 Racism as an Ethical Issue [W] 430
Michele Moody¿Adams

41 Servility and Self¿Respect 438
Thomas E. Hill, Jr.

42 Implicit Bias [R] 445
Alex Madva

43 Affirmative Action as Equalizing Opportunity: Challenging the Myth of "Preferential Treatment" [W] 454
Luke Charles Harris and Uma Narayan

44 Sexual Harassment: Formal Complaints Are Not Enough 465
Jennifer Saul

45 Men in Groups: Collective Responsibility for Rape 476
Larry May and Robert Strikwerda

46 Ideals of Respect: Identity, Dignity and Disability [W] 486
Adam Cureton

Conscience, State, and Religion Introduction 497

47 Resolving Conflicts Between Religious Liberty and Other Values 500
Mark R. Wicclair

48 Religious Conviction, Parental Authority, and Children's Interests [W] 511
Christopher Meyers

49 Gay Rights and Religious Accommodations [W] 521
Andrew Koppelman

50 Conscientious Objection in Health Care 530
Mark R. Wicclair

51 My Conscience May Be My Guide, But You May Not Need to Honor It 544
Hugh LaFollette

Part IV Justice 557

Punishment 559

52 Prolegomenon to the Principles of Punishment [N] 561
H. L. A. Hart

53 Does Punishment Work? [W & R] 574
John Paul Wright, Francis T. Cullen, and Kevin M. Beaver

54 Sentencing Pluralism [N & W] 585
Douglas Husak

55 Just Deserts in Unjust Societies: A Case¿Specific Approach 592
Stuart P. Green

56 To Protect and Serve: What is Wrong with the Policing of Minorities in the US? 603
John Kleinig

Economic Justice 615

57 A Theory of Justice 617
John Rawls

58 The Entitlement Theory of Justice 629
Robert Nozick

59 The Ethical Implications of Benefiting from Injustice [W] 641
Daniel Butt

60 A Bleeding Heart Libertarian View of Inequality 650
Andrew Jason Cohen

Global Justice 663

61 Refugees and the Right to Control Immigration [W] 665
Christopher Heath Wellman

62 The Case for Open Immigration 673
Chandran Kukathas

63 Famine, Affluence, and Morality 683
Peter Singer

64 Famine Relief and the Ideal Moral Code [W] 692
John Arthur

65 Eradicating Systemic Poverty: Brief for a Global Resources Dividend 701
Thomas W. Pogge

War and Torture 714

66 War and Moral Consistency 716
Jonathan Parry

67 Pacifism: Reclaiming the Moral Presumption 728
William J. Hawk

68 The Justifiability of Humanitarian Intervention 738
Charles R. Beitz

69 Assassination [N & W] 746
Adrian O'Connor

70 Terrorism and Torture [R] 755
Fritz Allhoff

71 Unthinking the Ticking Time Bomb 768
David Luban

An Afterword 778
Hugh LaFollette

72 Moral Dilemmas and Moral Injury [N & W] 779
Paul Woodruff