About the Authors

Birgit Thilander was formerly Professor Emerita at the Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.

Krister Bjerklin is Associate Professor at the Department of Orthodontics, The Institute for Postgraduate Dental Education in Jönköping, Sweden.

Lars Bondemark is Professor at the Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Sweden.

List of Abbreviations vii

Preface ix

Acknowledgement xi

Part 1 Pretreatment Considerations 1

1 Orthodontic panorama 3
Birgit Thilander, Krister Bjerklin and Lars Bondemark

2 Classification of malocclusions 7
Lars Bondemark

3 Craniofacial growth and development 21
Birgit Thilander

4 Diagnostic examinations 45
Krister Bjerklin and Lars Bondemark

Part 2 Treatment Principles of Skeletal and Dentoalveolar Anomalies 57

5 Sagittal, vertical and transversal discrepancies between the jaws 59
Lars Bondemark

6 Crowding of teeth 81
Krister Bjerklin and Lars Bondemark

7 Spacing of teeth 91
Birgit Thilander and Krister Bjerklin

8 Malposition of single teeth 99
Krister Bjerklin

Part 3 Tissue Response to Orthodontic and Orthopaedic Forces 111

9 Tissue response to orthodontic forces 113
Brigit Thilander

10 Tissue response to orthopaedic forces 127
Birgit Thilander

11 Possible adverse tissue reactions 135
Birgit Thilander and Lars Bondemark

12 Retention and post-retention outcome 147
Birgit Thilander, Krister Bjerklin and Lars Bondemark

Index 155