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The revised and updated second edition of Essential Algorithms, offers an accessible introduction to computer algorithms. The book contains a description of important classical algorithms and explains when each is appropriate. The author shows how to analyze algorithms in order to understand their behavior and teaches techniques that the can be used to create new algorithms to meet future needs. The text includes useful algorithms such as: methods for manipulating common data structures, advanced data structures, network algorithms, and numerical algorithms. It also offers a variety of general problem-solving techniques.
In addition to describing algorithms and approaches, the author offers details on how to analyze the performance of algorithms. The book is filled with exercises that can be used to explore ways to modify the algorithms in order to apply them to new situations. This updated edition of Essential Algorithms:
* Contains explanations of algorithms in simple terms, rather than complicated math
* Steps through powerful algorithms that can be used to solve difficult programming problems
* Helps prepare for programming job interviews that typically include algorithmic questions
* Offers methods can be applied to any programming language
* Includes exercises and solutions useful to both professionals and students
* Provides code examples updated and written in Python and C#
Essential Algorithms has been updated and revised and offers professionals and students a hands-on guide to analyzing algorithms as well as the techniques and applications. The book also includes a collection of questions that may appear in a job interview. The book's website will include reference implementations in Python and C# (which can be easily applied to Java and C++).
The revised and updated second edition of Essential Algorithms, offers an accessible introduction to computer algorithms. The book contains a description of important classical algorithms and explains when each is appropriate. The author shows how to analyze algorithms in order to understand their behavior and teaches techniques that the can be used to create new algorithms to meet future needs. The text includes useful algorithms such as: methods for manipulating common data structures, advanced data structures, network algorithms, and numerical algorithms. It also offers a variety of general problem-solving techniques.
In addition to describing algorithms and approaches, the author offers details on how to analyze the performance of algorithms. The book is filled with exercises that can be used to explore ways to modify the algorithms in order to apply them to new situations. This updated edition of Essential Algorithms:
* Contains explanations of algorithms in simple terms, rather than complicated math
* Steps through powerful algorithms that can be used to solve difficult programming problems
* Helps prepare for programming job interviews that typically include algorithmic questions
* Offers methods can be applied to any programming language
* Includes exercises and solutions useful to both professionals and students
* Provides code examples updated and written in Python and C#
Essential Algorithms has been updated and revised and offers professionals and students a hands-on guide to analyzing algorithms as well as the techniques and applications. The book also includes a collection of questions that may appear in a job interview. The book's website will include reference implementations in Python and C# (which can be easily applied to Java and C++).
Rod Stephens began his career as a mathematician, but while at MIT he was lured into the intriguing world of algorithms and has been programming ever since. An award-winning instructor, he regularly addresses conferences and has written more than 30 books that have been translated into nearly a dozen languages.
Introduction xxix
Chapter 1 Algorithm Basics 1
Approach 2
Algorithms and Data Structures 2
Pseudocode 3
Algorithm Features 6
Big O Notation 7
Rule 1 8
Rule 2 8
Rule 3 9
Rule 4 9
Rule 5 10
Common Run Time Functions 11
1 11
Log N 11
Sqrt N 14
N 14
N log N 15
N2 15
2N 15
N! 16
Visualizing Functions 16
Practical Considerations 18
Summary 19
Exercises 20
Chapter 2 Numerical Algorithms 23
Randomizing Data 23
Generating Random Values 23
Generating Values 24
Ensuring Fairness 26
Getting Fairness from Biased Sources 28
Randomizing Arrays 29
Generating Nonuniform Distributions 30
Making Random Walks 31
Making Self-Avoiding Walks 33
Making Complete Self-Avoiding Walks 34
Finding Greatest Common Divisors 36
Calculating Greatest Common Divisors 36
Extending Greatest Common Divisors 38
Performing Exponentiation 40
Working with Prime Numbers 42
Finding Prime Factors 42
Finding Primes 44
Testing for Primality 45
Performing Numerical Integration 47
The Rectangle Rule 48
The Trapezoid Rule 49
Adaptive Quadrature 50
Monte Carlo Integration 54
Finding Zeros 55
Gaussian Elimination 57
Forward Elimination 58
Back Substitution 60
The Algorithm 61
Least Squares Fits 62
Linear Least Squares 62
Polynomial Least Squares 64
Summary 67
Exercises 68
Chapter 3 Linked Lists 71
Basic Concepts 71
Singly Linked Lists 72
Iterating Over the List 73
Finding Cells 73
Using Sentinels 74
Adding Cells at the Beginning 75
Adding Cells at the End 76
Inserting Cells After Other Cells 77
Deleting Cells 78
Doubly Linked Lists 79
Sorted Linked Lists 81
Self-Organizing Linked Lists 82
Move to Front (MTF) 83
Swap 83
Count 84
Hybrid Methods 84
Pseudocode 85
Linked-List Algorithms 86
Copying Lists 86
Sorting with Insertionsort 87
Sorting with Selectionsort 88
Multithreaded Linked Lists 90
Linked Lists with Loops 91
Marking Cells 92
Using Hash Tables 93
List Retracing 94
List Reversal 95
Tortoise and Hare 98
Loops in Doubly Linked Lists 100
Summary 100
Exercises 101
Chapter 4 Arrays 103
Basic Concepts 103
One-Dimensional Arrays 106
Finding Items 106
Finding Minimum, Maximum, and Average 107
Finding Median 108
Finding Mode 109
Inserting Items 112
Removing Items 113
Nonzero Lower Bounds 114
Two Dimensions 114
Higher Dimensions 115
Triangular Arrays 118
Sparse Arrays 121
Find a Row or Column 123
Get a Value 124
Set a Value 125
Delete a Value 127
Matrices 129
Summary 131
Exercises 132
Chapter 5 Stacks and Queues 135
Stacks 135
Linked-List Stacks 136
Array Stacks 138
Double Stacks 139
Stack Algorithms 141
Reversing an Array 141
Train Sorting 142
Tower of Hanoi 143
Stack Insertionsort 145
Stack Selectionsort 146
Queues 147
Linked-List Queues 148
Array Queues 148
Specialized Queues 151
Priority Queues 151
Deques 152
Binomial Heaps 152
Binomial Trees 152
Binomial Heaps 154
Merging Trees 155
Merging Heaps 156
Merging Tree Lists 156
Merging Trees 158
Enqueue 161
Dequeue 162
Runtime 163
Summary 163
Exercises 164
Chapter 6 Sorting 167
O(N2 ) Algorithms 168
Insertionsort in Arrays 168
Selectionsort in Arrays 170
Bubblesort 171
O(NlogN) Algorithms 174
Heapsort 175
Storing Complete Binary Trees 175
Defining Heaps 176
Implementing Heapsort 180
Quicksort 181
Analyzing Quicksort's Run Time 182
Picking a Dividing Item 184
Implementing Quicksort with Stacks 185
Implementing Quicksort in Place 185
Using Quicksort 188
Mergesort 189
Sub O(NlogN) Algorithms 192
Countingsort 192
Pigeonhole Sort 193
Bucketsort 195
Summary 197
Exercises 198
Chapter 7 Searching 201
Linear Search 202
Binary Search 203
Interpolation Search 204
Majority Voting 205
Summary 207
Exercises 208
Chapter 8 Hash Tables 209
Hash Table Fundamentals 210
Chaining 211
Open Addressing 213
Removing Items 214
Linear Probing 215
Quadratic Probing 217
Pseudorandom Probing 219
Double Hashing 219
Ordered Hashing 219
Summary 222
Exercises 222
Chapter 9 Recursion 227
Basic Algorithms 228
Factorial 228
Fibonacci Numbers 230
Rod-Cutting 232
Brute Force 233
Recursion 233
Tower of Hanoi 235
Graphical Algorithms 238
Koch Curves 239
Hilbert Curve 241
Sierpi¿ski Curve 243
Gaskets 246
The Skyline Problem 247
Lists 248
Divide and Conquer 249
Backtracking Algorithms 252
Eight Queens Problem 254
Knight's Tour 257
Selections and Permutations 260
Selections with Loops 261
Selections with Duplicates 262
Selections without Duplicates 264
Permutations with Duplicates 265
Permutations without Duplicates 266
Round-Robin Scheduling 267
Odd Number of Teams 268
Even Number of Teams 270
Implementation 271
Recursion Removal 273
Tail Recursion Removal 274
Dynamic Programming 275
Bottom-Up Programming 277
General Recursion Removal 277
Summary 280
Exercises 281
Chapter 10 Trees 285
Tree Terminology 285
Binary Tree Properties 289
Tree Representations 292
Building Trees in General 292
Building Complete Trees 295
Tree Traversal 296
Preorder Traversal 297
Inorder Traversal 299
Postorder Traversal 300
Breadth-First Traversal 301
Traversal Uses 302
Traversal Run Times 303
Sorted Trees 303
Adding Nodes 303
Finding Nodes 306
Deleting Nodes 306
Lowest Common Ancestors 309
Sorted Trees 309
Parent Pointers 310
Parents and Depths 311
General Trees 312
Euler Tours 314
All Pairs 316
Threaded Trees 317
Building Threaded Trees 318
Using Threaded Trees 320
Specialized Tree Algorithms 322
The Animal Game 322
Expression Evaluation 324
Interval Trees 326
Building the Tree 328
Intersecting with Points 329
Intersecting with Intervals 330
Quadtrees 332
Adding Items 335
Finding Items 336
Tries 337
Adding Items 339
Finding Items 341
Summary 342
Exercises 342
Chapter 11 Balanced Trees 349
AVL Trees 350
Adding Values 350
Deleting Values 353
2-3 Trees 354
Adding Values 355
Deleting Values 356
B-Trees 359
Adding Values 360
Deleting Values 361
Balanced Tree Variations 362
Top-down B-trees 363
B+trees 363
Summary 365
Exercises 365
Chapter 12 Decision Trees 367
Searching Game Trees 368
Minimax 369
Initial Moves and Responses 373
Game Tree Heuristics 374
Searching General Decision Trees 375
Optimization Problems 376
Exhaustive Search 377
Branch and Bound 379
Decision Tree Heuristics 381
Random Search 381
Improving Paths 382
Simulated Annealing 384
Hill Climbing 385
Sorted Hill Climbing 386
Other Decision Tree Problems 387
Generalized Partition Problem 387
Subset Sum 388
Bin Packing 388
Cutting Stock 389
Knapsack 390
Traveling Salesman Problem 391
Satisfiability 391
Swarm Intelligence 392
Ant Colony Optimization 393
General Optimization 393
Traveling Salesman 393
Bees Algorithm 394
Swarm Simulation 394
Boids 395
Pseudoclassical Mechanics 396
Goals and Obstacles 397
Summary 397
Exercises 398
Chapter 13 Basic Network Algorithms 403
Network Terminology 403
Network Representations 407
Traversals 409
Depth-First Traversal 410
Breadth-First Traversal 412
Connectivity Testing 413
Spanning Trees 416
Minimal Spanning Trees 417
Euclidean Minimum Spanning Trees 418
Building Mazes 419
Strongly Connected Components 420
Kosaraju's Algorithm 421
Algorithm Discussion 422
Finding Paths 425
Finding Any Path 425
Label-Setting Shortest Paths 426
Label-Correcting Shortest Paths 430
All-Pairs Shortest Paths 431
Transitivity 436
Transitive Closure 437
Transitive Reduction 438
Acyclic Networks 439
General Networks 440
Shortest Path Modifications 441
Shape Points 441
Early Stopping 442
Bidirectional Search 442
Best-First Search 442
Turn Penalties and Prohibitions 443
Geometric Calculations 443
Expanded Node Networks 444
Interchange Networks 445
Summary 447
Exercises 447
Chapter 14 More Network Algorithms 451
Topological Sorting...
| Erscheinungsjahr: | 2019 |
|---|---|
| Fachbereich: | Programmiersprachen |
| Genre: | Informatik |
| Rubrik: | Naturwissenschaften & Technik |
| Medium: | Taschenbuch |
| Inhalt: | Introduction xxixChapter 1 Algorithm Basics 1Approach 2Algorithms and Data Structures 2Pseudocode 3Algorithm Features 6Big O Notation 7Rule 1 8Rule 2 8Rule 3 9Rule 4 9Rule 5 10Common Run Time Functions 111 11Log N 11Sqrt N 14N 14N log N 15N² 152^N 15N! 1 |
| ISBN-13: | 9781119575993 |
| ISBN-10: | 1119575990 |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Herstellernummer: | 1W119575990 |
| Einband: | Kartoniert / Broschiert |
| Autor: | Stephens, Rod |
| Auflage: | 2nd edition |
| Hersteller: | Wiley |
| Maße: | 233 x 187 x 48 mm |
| Von/Mit: | Rod Stephens |
| Erscheinungsdatum: | 29.05.2019 |
| Gewicht: | 1,342 kg |
Rod Stephens began his career as a mathematician, but while at MIT he was lured into the intriguing world of algorithms and has been programming ever since. An award-winning instructor, he regularly addresses conferences and has written more than 30 books that have been translated into nearly a dozen languages.
Introduction xxix
Chapter 1 Algorithm Basics 1
Approach 2
Algorithms and Data Structures 2
Pseudocode 3
Algorithm Features 6
Big O Notation 7
Rule 1 8
Rule 2 8
Rule 3 9
Rule 4 9
Rule 5 10
Common Run Time Functions 11
1 11
Log N 11
Sqrt N 14
N 14
N log N 15
N2 15
2N 15
N! 16
Visualizing Functions 16
Practical Considerations 18
Summary 19
Exercises 20
Chapter 2 Numerical Algorithms 23
Randomizing Data 23
Generating Random Values 23
Generating Values 24
Ensuring Fairness 26
Getting Fairness from Biased Sources 28
Randomizing Arrays 29
Generating Nonuniform Distributions 30
Making Random Walks 31
Making Self-Avoiding Walks 33
Making Complete Self-Avoiding Walks 34
Finding Greatest Common Divisors 36
Calculating Greatest Common Divisors 36
Extending Greatest Common Divisors 38
Performing Exponentiation 40
Working with Prime Numbers 42
Finding Prime Factors 42
Finding Primes 44
Testing for Primality 45
Performing Numerical Integration 47
The Rectangle Rule 48
The Trapezoid Rule 49
Adaptive Quadrature 50
Monte Carlo Integration 54
Finding Zeros 55
Gaussian Elimination 57
Forward Elimination 58
Back Substitution 60
The Algorithm 61
Least Squares Fits 62
Linear Least Squares 62
Polynomial Least Squares 64
Summary 67
Exercises 68
Chapter 3 Linked Lists 71
Basic Concepts 71
Singly Linked Lists 72
Iterating Over the List 73
Finding Cells 73
Using Sentinels 74
Adding Cells at the Beginning 75
Adding Cells at the End 76
Inserting Cells After Other Cells 77
Deleting Cells 78
Doubly Linked Lists 79
Sorted Linked Lists 81
Self-Organizing Linked Lists 82
Move to Front (MTF) 83
Swap 83
Count 84
Hybrid Methods 84
Pseudocode 85
Linked-List Algorithms 86
Copying Lists 86
Sorting with Insertionsort 87
Sorting with Selectionsort 88
Multithreaded Linked Lists 90
Linked Lists with Loops 91
Marking Cells 92
Using Hash Tables 93
List Retracing 94
List Reversal 95
Tortoise and Hare 98
Loops in Doubly Linked Lists 100
Summary 100
Exercises 101
Chapter 4 Arrays 103
Basic Concepts 103
One-Dimensional Arrays 106
Finding Items 106
Finding Minimum, Maximum, and Average 107
Finding Median 108
Finding Mode 109
Inserting Items 112
Removing Items 113
Nonzero Lower Bounds 114
Two Dimensions 114
Higher Dimensions 115
Triangular Arrays 118
Sparse Arrays 121
Find a Row or Column 123
Get a Value 124
Set a Value 125
Delete a Value 127
Matrices 129
Summary 131
Exercises 132
Chapter 5 Stacks and Queues 135
Stacks 135
Linked-List Stacks 136
Array Stacks 138
Double Stacks 139
Stack Algorithms 141
Reversing an Array 141
Train Sorting 142
Tower of Hanoi 143
Stack Insertionsort 145
Stack Selectionsort 146
Queues 147
Linked-List Queues 148
Array Queues 148
Specialized Queues 151
Priority Queues 151
Deques 152
Binomial Heaps 152
Binomial Trees 152
Binomial Heaps 154
Merging Trees 155
Merging Heaps 156
Merging Tree Lists 156
Merging Trees 158
Enqueue 161
Dequeue 162
Runtime 163
Summary 163
Exercises 164
Chapter 6 Sorting 167
O(N2 ) Algorithms 168
Insertionsort in Arrays 168
Selectionsort in Arrays 170
Bubblesort 171
O(NlogN) Algorithms 174
Heapsort 175
Storing Complete Binary Trees 175
Defining Heaps 176
Implementing Heapsort 180
Quicksort 181
Analyzing Quicksort's Run Time 182
Picking a Dividing Item 184
Implementing Quicksort with Stacks 185
Implementing Quicksort in Place 185
Using Quicksort 188
Mergesort 189
Sub O(NlogN) Algorithms 192
Countingsort 192
Pigeonhole Sort 193
Bucketsort 195
Summary 197
Exercises 198
Chapter 7 Searching 201
Linear Search 202
Binary Search 203
Interpolation Search 204
Majority Voting 205
Summary 207
Exercises 208
Chapter 8 Hash Tables 209
Hash Table Fundamentals 210
Chaining 211
Open Addressing 213
Removing Items 214
Linear Probing 215
Quadratic Probing 217
Pseudorandom Probing 219
Double Hashing 219
Ordered Hashing 219
Summary 222
Exercises 222
Chapter 9 Recursion 227
Basic Algorithms 228
Factorial 228
Fibonacci Numbers 230
Rod-Cutting 232
Brute Force 233
Recursion 233
Tower of Hanoi 235
Graphical Algorithms 238
Koch Curves 239
Hilbert Curve 241
Sierpi¿ski Curve 243
Gaskets 246
The Skyline Problem 247
Lists 248
Divide and Conquer 249
Backtracking Algorithms 252
Eight Queens Problem 254
Knight's Tour 257
Selections and Permutations 260
Selections with Loops 261
Selections with Duplicates 262
Selections without Duplicates 264
Permutations with Duplicates 265
Permutations without Duplicates 266
Round-Robin Scheduling 267
Odd Number of Teams 268
Even Number of Teams 270
Implementation 271
Recursion Removal 273
Tail Recursion Removal 274
Dynamic Programming 275
Bottom-Up Programming 277
General Recursion Removal 277
Summary 280
Exercises 281
Chapter 10 Trees 285
Tree Terminology 285
Binary Tree Properties 289
Tree Representations 292
Building Trees in General 292
Building Complete Trees 295
Tree Traversal 296
Preorder Traversal 297
Inorder Traversal 299
Postorder Traversal 300
Breadth-First Traversal 301
Traversal Uses 302
Traversal Run Times 303
Sorted Trees 303
Adding Nodes 303
Finding Nodes 306
Deleting Nodes 306
Lowest Common Ancestors 309
Sorted Trees 309
Parent Pointers 310
Parents and Depths 311
General Trees 312
Euler Tours 314
All Pairs 316
Threaded Trees 317
Building Threaded Trees 318
Using Threaded Trees 320
Specialized Tree Algorithms 322
The Animal Game 322
Expression Evaluation 324
Interval Trees 326
Building the Tree 328
Intersecting with Points 329
Intersecting with Intervals 330
Quadtrees 332
Adding Items 335
Finding Items 336
Tries 337
Adding Items 339
Finding Items 341
Summary 342
Exercises 342
Chapter 11 Balanced Trees 349
AVL Trees 350
Adding Values 350
Deleting Values 353
2-3 Trees 354
Adding Values 355
Deleting Values 356
B-Trees 359
Adding Values 360
Deleting Values 361
Balanced Tree Variations 362
Top-down B-trees 363
B+trees 363
Summary 365
Exercises 365
Chapter 12 Decision Trees 367
Searching Game Trees 368
Minimax 369
Initial Moves and Responses 373
Game Tree Heuristics 374
Searching General Decision Trees 375
Optimization Problems 376
Exhaustive Search 377
Branch and Bound 379
Decision Tree Heuristics 381
Random Search 381
Improving Paths 382
Simulated Annealing 384
Hill Climbing 385
Sorted Hill Climbing 386
Other Decision Tree Problems 387
Generalized Partition Problem 387
Subset Sum 388
Bin Packing 388
Cutting Stock 389
Knapsack 390
Traveling Salesman Problem 391
Satisfiability 391
Swarm Intelligence 392
Ant Colony Optimization 393
General Optimization 393
Traveling Salesman 393
Bees Algorithm 394
Swarm Simulation 394
Boids 395
Pseudoclassical Mechanics 396
Goals and Obstacles 397
Summary 397
Exercises 398
Chapter 13 Basic Network Algorithms 403
Network Terminology 403
Network Representations 407
Traversals 409
Depth-First Traversal 410
Breadth-First Traversal 412
Connectivity Testing 413
Spanning Trees 416
Minimal Spanning Trees 417
Euclidean Minimum Spanning Trees 418
Building Mazes 419
Strongly Connected Components 420
Kosaraju's Algorithm 421
Algorithm Discussion 422
Finding Paths 425
Finding Any Path 425
Label-Setting Shortest Paths 426
Label-Correcting Shortest Paths 430
All-Pairs Shortest Paths 431
Transitivity 436
Transitive Closure 437
Transitive Reduction 438
Acyclic Networks 439
General Networks 440
Shortest Path Modifications 441
Shape Points 441
Early Stopping 442
Bidirectional Search 442
Best-First Search 442
Turn Penalties and Prohibitions 443
Geometric Calculations 443
Expanded Node Networks 444
Interchange Networks 445
Summary 447
Exercises 447
Chapter 14 More Network Algorithms 451
Topological Sorting...
| Erscheinungsjahr: | 2019 |
|---|---|
| Fachbereich: | Programmiersprachen |
| Genre: | Informatik |
| Rubrik: | Naturwissenschaften & Technik |
| Medium: | Taschenbuch |
| Inhalt: | Introduction xxixChapter 1 Algorithm Basics 1Approach 2Algorithms and Data Structures 2Pseudocode 3Algorithm Features 6Big O Notation 7Rule 1 8Rule 2 8Rule 3 9Rule 4 9Rule 5 10Common Run Time Functions 111 11Log N 11Sqrt N 14N 14N log N 15N² 152^N 15N! 1 |
| ISBN-13: | 9781119575993 |
| ISBN-10: | 1119575990 |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Herstellernummer: | 1W119575990 |
| Einband: | Kartoniert / Broschiert |
| Autor: | Stephens, Rod |
| Auflage: | 2nd edition |
| Hersteller: | Wiley |
| Maße: | 233 x 187 x 48 mm |
| Von/Mit: | Rod Stephens |
| Erscheinungsdatum: | 29.05.2019 |
| Gewicht: | 1,342 kg |
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