Endoscopic surgery has revolutionized pediatric surgery in the past 15 years. Almost all operations that were previously performed through incisions are now completed using endoscopic surgical techniques. This book mirrors the enormous progress that has been made. It is an unparalleled reference work on state-of-the-art endoscopic surgical techniques in children. It contains 111 chapters, all written by experts in the field from all over the world and results obtained by them are included in each chapter. It has been the intention to produce a practical book with about 1000 drawings and color photographs that instructively illustrate many procedures. Readers will find the book is practical, concise and to the point.

Basics.- Why Endoscopic Surgery?.- Equipment and Instruments.- Robotics.- Future Technology.- Ergonomics of Task Performance in Endoscopic Surgery.- Training in Pediatric Endoscopic Surgery.- Physiologic Responses to Endoscopic Surgery.- Complications of Endoscopic Surgery in Infants and Children.- Neck.- Cervicoscopy, a Minimally Invasive Approach for the Thyroid, Parathyroid, and Thymus in Children.- Anesthesia for Pediatric Thoracoscopic Surgery.- Thoracoscopy in Infants and Children: Basic Techniques.- Implantation of a Nuss Bar Under Thoracoscopic Guidance.- Thoracoscopic Drainage and Debridement of Empyema.- The Thoracoscopic Approach to Pneumothorax in Children.- Thoracoscopic Lung Biopsy.- Thoracoscopic Lobectomy in Infants and Children.- Thoracoscopic Management of Esophageal Duplications, Bronchogenic Cysts, and Extralobar Sequestration.- The Role of Thoracoscopy for the Resection of Pulmonary Metastasis.- Thoracoscopy and Hydatid Cyst of the Lung.- Thoracoscopic Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Infants and Children.- Aortosternopexy for Tracheomalacia.- Thoracoscopic Venous Vascular Access.- Thoracoscopic Treatment of Palmar Hyperhidrosis.- Thoracoscopic Treatment of Chylothorax.- Video-assisted Thoracic Surgery for Thymectomy.- Thoracoscopic Removal of Neurogenic Mediastinal Tumors.- The Thoracoscopic Approach to Esophageal Atresia with Distal Fistula.- Thoracoscopic Repair of Esophageal Atresia without Fistula.- The Thoracoscopic Approach to H Type Tracheoesophageal Fistula.- Abdomen.- Anesthesia for Pediatric Laparoscopy.- The Basics of Laparoscopy.- Abdomen.- Esophageal Achalasia.- Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication.- Laparoscopic Fundoplication According to Toupet.- Laparoscopic Thal Fundoplication in Infants and Children.- Laparoscopic Gastrostomy.- Laparoscopic Pyloromyotomy.- Laparoscopic Jejunostomy.- Laparoscopic Treatment of Duodenal and Jejunal Atresia and Stenosis.- Intestinal Malrotation.- Laparoscopic Approach in Adhesive Small Bowel Obstruction.- Laparoscopic Treatment of Meckel¿s Diverticulum.- Laparoscopic Approach to Intussusception.- Laparoscopic Treatment of Enteric Duplications and Other Abdominal Cystic Masses.- Laparoscopic Continent Appendicostomy in the Management of Fecal Incontinence and Constipation.- Laparoscopic Cecostomy and Sigmoidostomy Button.- Laparoscopic Appendectomy in Children.- Laparoscopic Management of Crohn¿s Disease.- Total Colectomy with J Pouch.- Hand-assisted Colectomy.- Endorectal Pull-through for Hirschsprung¿s Disease.- Laparoscopic-assisted Treatment of Hirschsprung¿s Disease According to Duhamel.- Laparoscopic Rectopexy.- Georgeson¿s Procedure: Laparoscopically Assisted Anorectoplasty for High Anorectal Malformations.- Laparoscopy in the Treatment of Female Infants with Anorectal Malformations.- Abdomen.- Laparoscopic Treatment of Hydatid Disease of the Liver.- Laparoscopic Liver Surgery.- Laparoscopic Kasai Portoenterostomy for Biliary Atresia.- Laparoscopic Excision of Choledochal Cyst with Hepaticojejunostomy.- Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.- Abdomen.- Splenectomy.- Partial Splenectomies by Laparoscopy in Children.- Abdomen.- Laparoscopic Approaches to the Pancreas.- Laparoscopic Approach in Persistent Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia in Infancy.- Abdomen.- Laparoscopy and Ventriculoperitoneal Shunts.- Endoscopic Surgery for Peritoneal Dialysis Catheters in Children.- Abdomen.- Abdominal Trauma.- Abdomen.- Laparoscopy for Pediatric Abdominal Malignancies.- Abdomen.- Chronic Abdominal Pain of Childhood.- Abdomen.- Laparoscopic Approach to Sacrococcygeal Teratomas.- Abdomen.- Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding in Adolescents.- Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: Principles and Procedures.- Diaphragm.- Laparoscopic Treatment of Morgagni-Larrey Diaphragmatic Hernia.- Thoracoscopy for Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia.- Laparoscopic Repair of Diaphragmatic Defects: Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (of Bochdalek) and Eventration.- Abdominal Wall.- Laparoscopic Herniorrhaphy.- Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair.- Inguinal Herniotomy: Laparoscopic-assisted Extraperitoneal Technique.- Laparoscopic Contralateral Groin Exploration During Inguinal Hernia Repair.- Adrenal Gland.- Transperitoneal Adrenalectomy.- Endoscopic Retroperitoneal Adrenalectomy in Children: Lateral Approach.- Laparoscopic Approach to Abdominal Neuroblastoma.- Urogenital Tract.- to Minimal Access Surgery in Pediatric Urology.- Basic Technique: Retroperitoneoscopic Approach in the Lateral Position.- Total Nephrectomy: Transperitoneal Approach.- Total Nephrectomy: Lateral Retroperitoneoscopic Approach.- Total Nephrectomy: Prone Retroperitoneoscopic Approach.- Laparoscopic Heminephrectomy.- Laparoscopic Dismembered Pyeloplasty for Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction: Transperitoneal Approach.- Retroperitoneoscopic Dismembered Pyeloplasty.- Minimally Invasive Surgery and Management of Urinary Tract Stone in Children.- Retroperitoneoscopic Treatment of Retrocaval Ureter.- Complicated Ureteroceles with Non-functioning Renal Moieties in Duplex Kidneys: One-stage Radical Laparoscopic Treatment.- Urachal Abnormalities.- Minimally Invasive Techniques for Lower Urinary Tract Reconstruction.- Laparoscopic Bladder Neck Reconstruction.- Laparoscopic Ureteric Reimplantation (Extravesical).- Endoscopic Cross-trigonal Ureteric Reimplantation Under Carbon Dioxide Pneumovesicum.- Laparoscopic Treatment of Utricular Cysts.- Diagnosis of Non-palpable Testis.- Laparoscopic Treatment of Non-palpable Testis.- Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Treatment of Varicocele.- One-port Retroperitoneoscopic Varicocelectomy in Children and Adolescents.- Laparoscopy in Functional Ovarian Cysts in Neonates.- Laparoscopy of Functional Ovarian Cysts and Mesosalpinx Cysts in Peripuberal Girls.- Laparoscopic Ovary-sparing Surgery in Benign Ovarian Neoplasms.- Laparoscopy in (Doubtful) Malignant Adnexal Pathology, Ovarian Torsion Beyond the Neonatal Period, Endometriosis, and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.- Laparoscopy in Uterovaginal Anomalies.- Laparoscopy in Intersex Patients Raised as Females.- Thoracoscopic Anterior Spinal Procedures in Children.- Fetal Surgery.- Endoscopic Access to the Fetus.