Jill Windle is a Triage Consultant Nurse with the Advanced Life Support Group and a retired Lecturer Practitioner in Emergency Nursing at Salford Royal Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Salford, combining frontline triage expertise with years of clinical teaching experience.

Kevin Mackway-Jones is a retired Consultant Emergency Physician from Manchester Royal Infirmary and Manchester Children's Hospital, and Medical Director of the North West Ambulance Service, bringing decades of emergency medicine leadership to the development of the Manchester Triage System.

Stephanie Allmark is a Paramedic with the North West Ambulance Service and an Emergency Department nurse who leads Clinical Development for the Manchester Triage Group, contributing both prehospital and hospital-based clinical triage perspectives to this edition.

Janet Marsden is the late Professor of Ophthalmology and Emergency Care and former Director of the Centre for Effective Emergency Care at Manchester Metropolitan University, whose sustained research contributions advanced evidence-based emergency care practice and shaped clinical education across the discipline.

Editors vi
Members of the original Manchester Triage Group vii
International Reference Group viii
Preface to the fourth edition ix
Preface to the first edition x

1 Introduction and background 1
2 The triage method and decision-making process 7
3 The triage event 23
4 Pain assessment as part of the triage process 35
5 Streaming with the Manchester Triage System 47
6 Special considerations and patient populations 55
7 The triage audit 59

Presentation flowchart index and how to use the charts 63
Presentation flowcharts 67
Discriminator dictionary 179
Further reading 191
Abbreviations 192
Index 193